Abstract: According to one embodiment, provided is an active material including a niobium titanium-containing oxide phase and a carbon coating layer. The niobium titanium-containing oxide phase contains a niobium titanium-containing oxide having a monoclinic structure and Na, and a Na content therein is 0 ppm or more and 100 ppm or less. The carbon coating layer coats at least a part of the niobium titanium-containing oxide phase, and contains 0.001% or more of carboxyl group.

Abstract: In general, according to one embodiment, a niobium-titanium oxide is provided. The niobium-titanium oxide satisfies Formulae (1) to (3) below in an L*a*b* color space according to Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z 8722:2009: 95.0?L*?100??(1) ?1.0?a*?1.0??(2) ?1.0?b*?6.0??(3).

Abstract: A niobium-titanium-based oxide includes niobium-titanium-based oxide particles, wherein an Si2p peak area and an Nb3d peak area, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the niobium-titanium-based oxide particles, satisfy a ratio A of 0.40?A?1.0, provided that the ratio A is the Si2p peak area/the Nb3d peak area.

Abstract: A resin coated carrier for electrophotography and a two-component developer for electrophotography made therefrom, in which electrostatic charge giving ability to toner is high, anti-spent property is superior, charging property is stable even if a large number sheets are continuously printed, initial electrostatic charge increasing ability and electrostatic charge maintaining ability after leaving are also superior, and fogging at supplying toner and fogging after leaving are not generated. In a resin coated carrier for electrophotography comprising a coating material and a core material, in which the coating material covers the surface of the core material, the coating material contains a resin component and a conductive agent, the core material is ferrite, and electric resistance of the carrier at an applied voltage of 100 V set to be 1.0×103 to 1.0×106 ?·cm, or breakdown voltage is set to be 120 to 280 V.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic charge images that exhibits superior fixability at low temperature so as to realize satisfactory fixing performance even with less energy, that exhibits high stress resistance so as to be free from blade contamination by molten toner, and that exhibits excellent performances in any environmental conditions. In particular, a toner for developing an electrostatic charge images, comprising at least a binder resin, a colorant and a charge control agent, wherein a low-molecular-weight polymer having functional groups is used at least as the charge control agent and a cycloolefin copolymer resin is used at least as the binder resin.

Abstract: A resin coated carrier for electrophotography and a two-component developer for electrophotography made therefrom, in which electrostatic charge giving ability to toner is high, anti-spent property is superior, charging property is stable even if a large number sheets are continuously printed, initial electrostatic charge increasing ability and electrostatic charge maintaining ability after leaving are also superior, and fogging at supplying toner and fogging after leaving are not generated. In a resin coated carrier for electrophotography comprising a coating material and a core material, in which the coating material covers the surface of the core material, the coating material contains a resin component and a conductive agent, the core material is ferrite, and electric resistance of the carrier at an applied voltage of 100 V set to be 1.0×103 to 1.0×106 ?.cm, or breakdown voltage is set to be 120 to 280 V.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner which can maintain sufficient image density upon continuous copying in a recycle system even under any environmental conditions without causing troubles such as fogging and toner dusting. The toner for recycle system comprises toner particles which contain, as a binder resin, at least a cycloolefin copolymer resin and, as a releasing agent, at least a polypropylene wax, and fine silica particles adhered to the surface of said toner particles. This toner is used for a toner recycling type developing method, in which the toner remaining on the surface of the photosensitive member is recovered into the developing device and is reused.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic charge images that exhibits superior fixability at low temperature so as to realize satisfactory fixing performance even with less energy, that exhibits high stress resistance so as to be free from blade contamination by molten toner, and that exhibits excellent performances in any environmental conditions. In particular, a toner for developing an electrostatic charge images, comprising at least a binder resin, a colorant and a charge control agent, wherein a low-molecular-weight polymer having functional groups is used at least as the charge control agent and a cycloolefin copolymer resin is used at least as the binder resin.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner which can maintain sufficient image density upon continuous copying in a recycle system even under any environmental conditions without causing troubles such as fogging and toner dusting. The toner for recycle system comprises toner particles which contain, as a binder resin, at least a cycloolefin copolymer resin and, as a releasing agent, at least a polypropylene wax, and fine silica particles adhered to the surface of said toner particles. This toner is used for a toner recycling type developing method, in which the toner remaining on the surface of the photosensitive member is recovered into the developing device and is reused.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for treating waste water comprising subjecting waste water to liquid phase oxidation without catalyst, liquid phase oxidation with catalyst and anaerobic digestion and/or aerobic treatment.

Abstract: Waste water containing at least two kinds of components among suspended solids, ammonia and chemically oxidizable substances is treated in a liquid phase oxidation in the presence of a catalyst supported by a carrier of honeycomb construction.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for treating ammonium nitrate-containing waste water which comprises subjecting the waste water to wet thermal decomposition in the presence of a catalyst supported by a carrier and containing as an active component at least one of precious metals and compounds thereof insoluble or sparingly soluble in water while maintaining the waste water at a pH of about 3 to about 11.5 and a temperature of about 100.degree. to about 370.degree. C.

Abstract: A printing apparatus having a plurality of printing wires or hammers. The printing apparatus has a main drive driven continuously at a resonance frequency so as to supply energy to the plurality of printing wires or hammers, a plurality of selective drives corresponding to the plurality of printing wires or hammers, selectively energized by printing signals so as to transmit the driving energy to the printing wires or hammers. The printer head assembly can be extremely small sized and operate with low energy.

Abstract: A corona generating apparatus having a charge regulating member disposed to face the area of a charge retaining member where no visual image is to be formed and disposed to make a contact with said charge retaining member. The charge regulating member is composed of an upper regulating member and a lower regulating member. The lower regulating member is a length slight greater than said upper regulating member. End of said charge regulating member is bent toward the surface of said charge retaining member.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process by which waste water containing ammonia or chemically oxidizable substances (hereinafter referred to as "COD components"), suspended solids, etc. in addition to ammonia is subjected to wet oxidation in the presence of a catalyst to convert these pollutants to nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water and the like and to thereby render the waste water harmless.According to this invention, the ammonia contained in the waste water includes ammonium compounds which liberate ammonium ions when dissociated in water. The COD components include phenol, cyanides, thiocyanates, oils, thiosulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, sulfides, nitrous acid, etc.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for detecting and controlling the concentration of active toner particles in a liquid developer comprising taking a sample or proportion of liquid developer and subjecting it to an electrostatic field, measuring the toner particle concentration influenced by the field and correcting the concentration of effective toner particles in the developer by restoring said concentration to an acceptable predetermined level, and further measuring the concentration of degraded toner particles left in the liquid developer to determine if the entire developer is to be replaced.

Abstract: A liquid development apparatus for developing electrostatic latent images borne on the surface of an image bearing medium. The apparatus comprises leading and trailing squeeze rollers in horizontally spaced relation, means disposed between the squeeze rollers and spaced apart from the surface a short distance for selectively and uniformly applying a plurality of liquid developers and a rinse liquid to the surface, and means disposed at the rear side of the trailing squeeze roller for neutralizing or dissipating the residual charge remaining on the surface after development. These components are all mounted to a carriage adapted for reciprocation relative to the surface so that the electrostatic latent image is successively subject to developing, squeezing, and charging in this order during the movement of the carriage in the forward direction, and it is subject to rinsing during the movement of the carriage in the rearward direction. Such movement is repeated desired times to make a multi-colored print.

Abstract: A process for treating ammonia-containing waste water which comprises subjecting the ammonia-containing waste water to wet oxidation with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst while maintaining the waste water at a temperature of 100 to 370.degree. C. and at pressure permitting the waste water to remain in the liquid phase, the catalyst comprising at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, platinum, copper, gold, tungsten and water-insoluble compounds thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for determining the concentration of a liquid. A net or lattice screen member is dipped into a liquid and pulled out therefrom. Light rays are then transmitted through a liquid curtain formed on the net or lattice screened member in order to optically determine the concentration of said liquid.