Abstract: A valve opening and closing timing control apparatus includes: a driving side rotator disposed rotatably about a rotation axis and configured to rotate synchronously with a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine; a driven side rotator disposed rotatably about the rotation axis and configured to be rotatable relative to the driving side rotator and to rotate integrally with a valve opening and closing camshaft of the internal combustion engine; and a phase adjustment mechanism configured to set a relative rotation phase between the driving side rotator and the driven side rotator by a driving force of an electric actuator. The phase adjustment mechanism includes: an internally toothed ring gear; an inner gear; and a drive shaft, and the valve opening and closing timing control apparatus further includes: a biasing member; and a displacement regulation portion.

Abstract: A phase adjustment mechanism is constructed as a differential deceleration mechanism where a ring gear is relatively rotated on a basis of a difference in the number of teeth between the ring gear and an inner gear by revolution of an eccentric axis with reference to a rotation axis by an electric actuator. A coupling member is provided including a first engagement portion engaging with a driving-side rotational member in a displaceable manner in a first direction serving as a radial direction and a second engagement portion engaging with the inner gear in a displaceable manner in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: A valve opening and closing timing control apparatus includes: a driving side rotator disposed rotatably about a rotation axis and configured to rotate synchronously with a crankshaft; a driven side rotator disposed rotatably about the rotation axis and configured to be rotatable relative to the driving side rotator and to rotate integrally with a valve opening/closing camshaft; a phase adjustment mechanism configured to set a relative rotation phase between the driving side and driven side rotators by a driving force of an electric actuator, a biasing member provided on an outer periphery of a drive shaft to apply a biasing force in a direction such that an inner gear is engaged with a ring gear; and a displacement regulation portion configured to regulate a displacement of the inner gear.

Abstract: A phase adjustment mechanism is constructed as a differential deceleration mechanism where a ring gear is relatively rotated on a basis of a difference in the number of teeth between the ring gear and an inner gear by revolution of an eccentric axis with reference to a rotation axis by an electric actuator. A coupling member is provided including a first engagement portion engaging with a driving-side rotational member in a displaceable manner in a first direction serving as a radial direction and a second engagement portion engaging with the inner gear in a displaceable manner in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: The valve opening/closing timing control device includes: a driving rotating body; a driven rotating body; a fixed shaft portion; a fluid pressure chamber; a partitioning portion; and a phase control unit for controlling a rotation phase by supplying/discharging pressurized fluid to/from an advancing chamber or a retarding chamber via an inside of the fixed shaft portion. The driven rotating body has: an inner circumferential member with a cylindrical portion, and a coupling plate portion of the camshaft, the cylindrical portion and the coupling plate portion being integrated with each other; and an outer circumferential member provided with the partitioning portion. The outer circumferential member includes the inner circumferential member in a unified manner so as to have the same rotational axis. The inner circumferential member is formed with an iron-based material. The outer circumferential member is formed with a material that is lighter in weight than the iron-based material.

Abstract: A valve opening and closing timing control apparatus includes: a driving side rotator disposed rotatably about a rotation axis and configured to rotate synchronously with a crankshaft; a driven side rotator disposed rotatably about the rotation axis and configured to be rotatable relative to the driving side rotator and to rotate integrally with a valve opening/closing camshaft; a phase adjustment mechanism configured to set a relative rotation phase between the driving side and driven side rotators by a driving force of an electric actuator, a biasing member provided on an outer periphery of a drive shaft to apply a biasing force in a direction such that an inner gear is engaged with a ring gear; and a displacement regulation portion configured to regulate a displacement of the inner gear.

Abstract: A valve opening and closing timing control apparatus includes: a driving side rotator disposed rotatably about a rotation axis and configured to rotate synchronously with a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine; a driven side rotator disposed rotatably about the rotation axis and configured to be rotatable relative to the driving side rotator and to rotate integrally with a valve opening and closing camshaft of the internal combustion engine; and a phase adjustment mechanism configured to set a relative rotation phase between the driving side rotator and the driven side rotator by a driving force of an electric actuator. The phase adjustment mechanism includes: an internally toothed ring gear; an inner gear; and a drive shaft, and the valve opening and closing timing control apparatus further includes: a biasing member; and a displacement regulation portion.

Abstract: A valve opening and closing timing control apparatus includes a torsion coil spring provided at an accommodation chamber which is defined by a front member provided at a drive-side rotational member and a tubular void provided at a driven-side rotational member, the torsion coil spring engaging with the front member and the driven-side rotational member to bias the driven-side rotational member in an advanced or a retarded angle direction relative to the driven-side rotational member and an oil reservoir portion defined by an outer surface of the torsion coil spring facing the driven-side rotational member and at least one recess portion provided at the driven-side rotational member, the recess portion being provided in a radially outer direction from a position at a radially outer side than an inner diameter of the torsion coil spring and at a radially inner side than an outer diameter of the torsion coil spring.

Abstract: The valve opening/closing timing control device includes: an advancing chamber and a retarding chamber that are formed by partitioning a fluid pressure chamber that is formed between a driving rotating body and a driven rotating body that is located on an inner circumference side of the driving rotating body so as to be relatively rotatable, with a partitioning portion that is provided on an outer circumference side of the driven rotating body; an advancing channel that is in communication with the advancing chamber; and a retarding channel that is in communication with the retarding chamber. The driven rotating body has a first member and a second member, and the advancing channel and the retarding channel are formed to penetrate through a boundary between the first member and the second member after the first member and the second member have been installed.

Abstract: The valve opening/closing timing control device includes: the driving rotating body; the driven rotating body; an advancing chamber and a retarding chamber formed by partitioning a fluid pressure chamber between the driving and driven rotating bodies; and a phase control unit supplying pressurized fluid to the advancing or retarding chamber via an advancing channel or a retarding channel penetrating through the driven rotating body. In the driven rotating body, an outer circumferential member and an inner circumferential member are formed integrally/coaxially with each other. The advancing and retarding channel form a predetermined angle. Between every pair of an advancing channel and a retarding channel, a groove portion is formed in one of an inner circumferential surface of the outer circumferential member and an outer circumferential surface of the inner circumferential member, and an elongated protruding portion is formed on the other, at a position that corresponds to the groove portion.

Abstract: A valve opening and closing timing control apparatus includes a torsion coil spring provided at an accommodation chamber which is defined by a front member provided at a drive-side rotational member and a tubular void provided at a driven-side rotational member, the torsion coil spring engaging with the front member and the driven-side rotational member to bias the driven-side rotational member in an advanced or a retarded angle direction relative to the driven-side rotational member and an oil reservoir portion defined by an outer surface of the torsion coil spring facing the driven-side rotational member and at least one recess portion provided at the driven-side rotational member, the recess portion being provided in a radially outer direction from a position at a radially outer side than an inner diameter of the torsion coil spring and at a radially inner side than an outer diameter of the torsion coil spring.

Abstract: A valve opening and closing timing control apparatus includes a phase adjustment mechanism of a gear type specifying a relative rotation phase between a driving-side rotation member and a driven-side rotation member by an electric actuator, the phase adjustment mechanism causing a revolution of a position of an eccentric axis about a rotation axis by the electric actuator so that an input gear connected to the driven-side rotation member via an Oldham coupling rotates relative to an output gear fixed to the driven-side rotation member, a groove portion in a linear form and a protruding portion in a rectangular form in the Oldham coupling slidably engaging with each other between the driving-side rotation member and an Oldham ring, a groove portion in a linear form and a protruding portion in a rectangular form in the Oldham coupling slidably engaging with each other between the Oldham ring and the input gear.

Abstract: The valve opening/closing timing control device includes: the driving rotating body; the driven rotating body; an advancing chamber and a retarding chamber formed by partitioning a fluid pressure chamber between the driving and driven rotating bodies; and a phase control unit supplying pressurized fluid to the advancing or retarding chamber via an advancing channel or a retarding channel penetrating through the driven rotating body. In the driven rotating body, an outer circumferential member and an inner circumferential member are formed integrally/coaxially with each other. The advancing and retarding channel form a predetermined angle. Between every pair of an advancing channel and a retarding channel, a groove portion is formed in one of an inner circumferential surface of the outer circumferential member and an outer circumferential surface of the inner circumferential member, and an elongated protruding portion is formed on the other, at a position that corresponds to the groove portion.

Abstract: The valve opening/closing timing control device includes: a driving rotating body; a driven rotating body; a fixed shaft portion; a fluid pressure chamber; a partitioning portion; and a phase control unit for controlling a rotation phase by supplying/discharging pressurized fluid to/from an advancing chamber or a retarding chamber via an inside of the fixed shaft portion. The driven rotating body has: an inner circumferential member with a cylindrical portion, and a coupling plate portion of the camshaft, the cylindrical portion and the coupling plate portion being integrated with each other; and an outer circumferential member provided with the partitioning portion. The outer circumferential member includes the inner circumferential member in a unified manner so as to have the same rotational axis. The inner circumferential member is formed with an iron-based material. The outer circumferential member is formed with a material that is lighter in weight than the iron-based material.

Abstract: The valve opening/closing timing control device includes: an advancing chamber and a retarding chamber that are formed by partitioning a fluid pressure chamber that is formed between a driving rotating body and a driven rotating body that is located on an inner circumference side of the driving rotating body so as to be relatively rotatable, with a partitioning portion that is provided on an outer circumference side of the driven rotating body; an advancing channel that is in communication with the advancing chamber; and a retarding channel that is in communication with the retarding chamber. The driven rotating body has a first member and a second member, and the advancing channel and the retarding channel are formed to penetrate through a boundary between the first member and the second member after the first member and the second member have been installed.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic essentially in the form of an aggregate of crystal grains each having a ferroelectric core enclosed in a paraelectric shell. The shells are created by thermal diffusion of magnesium into the crystal grains. Through control of the firing temperature and time the thicknesses of the shells are confined in the range of approximately 5-30% of the average grain size. The resulting ceramic is low in dielectric constant and favorable in temperature characteristic of capacitance, making it suitable for use in laminated capacitors.

Abstract: A method for producing iron carbide by bringing iron ore into contact with a reducing gas containing hydrogen and a carbon compound at a high reaction temperature and at a reaction pressure of the atmospheric pressure or more to reduce and carburize the iron ore with the participation of a sulfur component, the method includes measuring the reaction temperature, partial pressure P(H.sub.2) of the hydrogen and partial pressure P(H.sub.2 S) of hydrogen sulfide contained in the reducing gas, calculating sulfur activity a.sub.s in the reducing gas from Equation (1) shown below, and adjusting the partial pressure P(H.sub.2 S) of the hydrogen sulfide in the reducing gas to obtain a.sub.s =1.0 to 2.0 at reaction temperatures of 550.degree. C. and above but less than 650.degree. C., a.sub.s =0.7 to 2.0 at 650.degree. C., and a.sub.s =0.05 to 1.0 at over 650.degree. C. and up to 950.degree. C.: (1) a.sub.s =(P(H.sub.2 S)/P(H.sub.2))/(P(H.sub.2 S)/P(H.sub.2)).sub.E where (P(H.sub.2 S)/P(H.sub.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic essentially in the form of an aggregate of crystal grains each having a ferroelectric core enclosed in a paraelectric shell. The shells are created by thermal diffusion of magnesium into the crystal grains. Through control of the firing temperature and time the thicknesses of the shells are confined in the range of approximately 5-30% of the average grain size. The resulting ceramic is low in dielectric constant and favorable in temperature characteristic of capacitance, making it suitable for use in laminated capacitors.

Abstract: A method for producing iron carbide by bringing iron ore into contact with a reducing gas containing hydrogen and a carbon compound at a specified reaction temperature to reduce and carburize the iron ore with the participation of a sulfur component, the method includes measuring the reaction temperature, partial pressure P(H.sub.2) of the hydrogen and partial pressure P(H.sub.2 S) of hydrogen sulfide contained in the reducing gas, calculating sulfur activity as in the reducing gas from equation (1) shown below, and adjusting the partial pressure P(H.sub.2 S) of the hydrogen sulfide in the reducing gas to obtain as=1.0 to 2.0. at reaction temperatures of 550.degree. C. and above but less than 650.degree. C., as=0.7 to 2.0 at 650.degree. C., and as=0.05 to 1.0 at over 650.degree. C. and up to 950.degree. C.:as=(P(H.sub.2 S)/P(H.sub.2))/(P(H.sub.2 S)/P(H.sub.2))E (1)where (P(H.sub.2 S)/P(H.sub.2)) represents the ratio between the partial pressures of H.sub.2 S and H.sub.2 in the reducing gas and (P(H.sub.

Abstract: A quarter-wave distributed-constant dielectric filter or resonator having a ceramic body which typically is composed principally of barium titanate. The ceramic filter body has one or more resonance holes extending therethrough. A conductive covering of silver or the like on the filter body has a portion formed on the surface defining each resonance hole. Mounted in each resonance hole is a prefabricated capacitor having a first terminal extending from within the resonance hole. The second terminal is electrically coupled to the conductive covering on the surface of the resonance hole. The capacitance of the capacitor or capacitors can be known before they are mounted to the filter body, so that the filter is readily manufacturable to exact electrical characteristics desired.