Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a propargylcarbinol compound of formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined herein. The process comprises reacting a haloallycarbinol compound of formula (II) with a base. The present invention also relates to a process for producing the haloallylcarbinol compound. The above propargylcarbinol compound is useful as an intermediate for agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, resin monomers, and the like.

Abstract: A process for producing furylpropargylcarbinol or a derivative thereof represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or methyl, wherein comprises subjecting a haloallylfurylcarbinol or a derivative thereof represented by the formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.2 represents chlorine, bromine or iodine, to a dehydrohalogenation reaction with a base in a reaction solvent. Furylpropargylcarbinol and a derivative thereof produced according to the process of the present invention are very important as intermediates of agricultural chemicals, perfumes and medicines, and particularly applicable to intermediates of prallethrin.

Abstract: A process for producing furylpropargylcarbinol or a derivative thereof represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or methyl, wherein comprises subjecting a haloallylfurylcarbinol or a derivative thereof represented by the formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.2 represents chlorine, bromine or iodine, to a dehydrohalogenation reaction with a base in a reaction solvent. Furylpropargylcarbinol and a derivative thereof produced according to the process of the present invention are very important as intermediates of agricultural chemicals, perfumes and medicines, and particularly applicable to intermediates of prallethrin.

Abstract: A process for producing an optically active .alpha.-isopropyl-p-chlorophenylacetic acid (ICPA) of the formula: ##STR1## wherein the symbol * stands for an asymmetric carbon atom.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coding and decoding method, in which a certain promised nonzero symbol is appended for coding and decoding, thereby disallowing the presence of a codeword with all-"0" data after coding. The method enables the detection of a fault in an external circuitry by checking the occurrence of an all-"0" received word attributable to the external circuitry.

Abstract: A separate operational section for determining the degree of a polynomial is provided to increase the process speed in determining both error locator and evaluator polynomials. When a received word is decoded based on the error location found, the received word is stored in a memory and corrected and output through the designation of the address. The formula ##EQU1## is derived from the error locator equation ##EQU2## and the value of which satisfies .sigma.(.alpha.)=0 is determined to increase the process speed. The decoder and the encoder share part of the hardware to make the system compact.