Abstract: A compound represented by formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has an inhibitory effect in the fractalkine-CX3CR1 pathway: wherein R represents a C1-6 alkyl group unsubstituted or having 1 to 3 substituents selected from Substituent Group A, a C3-8 cycloalkyl group unsubstituted or having 1 to 3 substituents selected from Substituent Group A, or a C3-8 cycloalkenyl group unsubstituted or having 1 to 3 substituents selected from Substituent Group A, X represents a C1-6 alkyl group, Y and Z are the same or different from each other and each represents a halogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group unsubstituted or having 1 to 3 substituents selected from Substituent Group B, n represents 0 or 1, Substituent Group A consists of halogen atoms, and Substituent Group B consists of halogen atoms.

Abstract: Provided is a method for using low molecular weight compounds found in the body as a biomarker for diagnosing depression. Specifically, more than one compound selected from a group comprising the following are used: ADP-ribose, ATP, ADP, AMP, serotonin, tryptophan, kynurenine, SDMA (symmetrical dimethylarginine), threonine, glyceric acid, serine, N-acetylaspartic acid, glutamic acid, trigonelline, creatine, 2-methylserine, sphingosine, homovanillic acid, piperidine, sulfoxidized methionine, pipecolic acid, sphinganine, gamma-butyrobetaine, guanidinoacetic acid, isobutyric acid, creatinine, sarcosine, 3-methylbutyric acid, nicotinamide, betaine, ornithine, carnitine, ethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine, taurine, hypotaurine, aspartic acid, methionine, and tyrosine.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which are useful as safe substitutes for the organotin reagent used in coupling reaction for the oxymethylation of aromatic rings, such as alkoxymethylation or hydroxymethylation, with a palladium catalyst and which can dispense with chromatographic purification with silica gel in the production and are suitable for mass production; and compounds applicable even to the oxymethylation of aromatic ring substrates which do not permit coupling reaction by conventional technique or have low reactivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which are useful as safe substitutes for the organotin reagent used in coupling reaction for the oxymethylation of aromatic rings, such as alkoxymethylation or hydroxymethylation, with a palladium catalyst and which can dispense with chromatographic purification with silica gel in the production and are suitable for mass production; and compounds applicable even to the oxymethylation of aromatic ring substrates which do not permit coupling reaction by conventional technique or have low reactivity.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds and compositions of formula (I): having inhibitory activity on activation of STAT6, wherein X represents quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline or imidazopyridine; Y represents phenyl, piperazine, pyridine, thiophene, thiazole, oxathiazole or oxathiadiazole; and variables Z, n, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the claims.

Abstract: A keyboard circuit apparatus is constituted such that resistive elements are provided both in a first sheet and a second sheet, an insulating spacer being laid on the first sheet, and the second sheet being laid on the insulating spacer. When a key switch is closed, one of the resistive elements provided on the first sheet and one of the resistive elements provided on the second sheet are electrically connected in series so that a desired value of resistance can be obtained.