Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a communication unit that receives a request that requests a reply and includes a source of the request and a destination of the request; and a controller that returns from a low electric power condition after moving into the low electric power condition of which the power consumption is low, and that controls the communication unit, wherein when the controller is in the low electric power condition, the communication unit returns the reply to the request received and detects a duplication between an identification information that identifies the source and an identification information that identifies the destination based on the request.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes an operation unit, a writable and readable volatile register, a writable and readable nonvolatile memory, first and second writing units and a write-back unit. The operation unit performs an arithmetic operation and a logical operation. The writable and readable volatile register stores data used in the operations performed by the operation unit. The writable and readable nonvolatile memory stores the data in parallel with the volatile register. The data stored in the nonvolatile memory is the data stored in the volatile register. The first writing unit writes the data in the volatile register. The second writing unit writes the data in the nonvolatile memory in parallel with the first writing unit every time the data is written in the volatile register. The write-back unit writes back the data stored in the nonvolatile memory to the volatile register when a power supply is turned on.

Abstract: A program executing apparatus, includes : a nonvolatile memory that stores a program for activating an equipment and a variable used in the program and sustains the stored program and the variable even though power is not supplied, the program and the variable being able to be read out and written into the nonvolatile memory; and an executing unit that transmits the program and the variable to the nonvolatile memory when the activation of the equipment is instructed at an initial status where the program and the variable are not stored in the nonvolatile memory, and successively executes the program using the variable stored in the nonvolatile memory, and, when the activation of the equipment is re-instructed, executes the program using the variable stored in the nonvolatile memory.

Abstract: An interrupt control apparatus includes: an interrupt request supply unit that supplies interrupt request information; a processing unit that performs interrupt processing based on the interrupt request information supplied by the interrupt request supply unit; and a time measuring unit that is used to measure an elapse of a predefined time period from a time point when the interrupt request supply unit starts to supply the interrupt request information, wherein: even if new interrupt cause information is stored during the time when the time measuring unit is measuring the elapse of the predefined time period, the interrupt request supply unit does not supply interrupt request information based on the new interrupt cause information to the processing unit; and after the elapsed time measured by the time measuring unit reaches the predefined time period, the interrupt request supply unit supplies the interrupt request information to the processing unit.

Abstract: A communication control apparatus including: a count portion that counts the number of received data; and a discard portion that is provided at an upstream side of a control portion on a forwarding route of the received data, and discards received data according to a counted value by the count portion.

Abstract: A communication control device includes: a first processing unit that converts an electrical signal received by a communication channel into digital data and outputs the digital data, and in a second operation mode in which an amount of power supplied to the communication control device is lower than in a first operation mode, outputs a notification signal upon receiving an electrical signal indicating an arrival of packet data; a clock controller that, in the second operation mode, initiates supplying a clock signal upon receiving the notification signal; and a second processing unit that (i) has a receiving unit that extracts packet data from the digital data and outputs the extracted packet data, and (ii) in the second operation mode, stops receiving packet data during a time that the clock signal is not supplied, and upon reception of the clock signal, starts receiving packet data using the received clock signal.

Abstract: An interrupt controller includes: a timer that repeatedly measures a predesignated length of time; an interrupt request unit that, when data is received by a receiving unit while the timer is measuring the length of time, outputs an interrupt request after measurement of the length of time is completed; a measurement unit that measures a frequency of data reception of the receiving unit; and an updating unit that changes the length of time measured by the timer so as to be shorter than the predesignated length of time when the frequency of reception measured by the measurement unit exceeds a threshold frequency.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a communication unit that receives a request that requests a reply and includes a source of the request and a destination of the request; and a controller that returns from a low electric power condition after moving into the low electric power condition of which the power consumption is low, and that controls the communication unit, wherein when the controller is in the low electric power condition, the communication unit returns the reply to the request received and detects a duplication between an identification information that identifies the source and an identification information that identifies the destination based on the request.

Abstract: An interrupt control apparatus includes: an interrupt request supply unit that supplies interrupt request information; a processing unit that performs interrupt processing based on the interrupt request information supplied by the interrupt request supply unit; and a time measuring unit that is used to measure an elapse of a predefined time period from a time point when the interrupt request supply unit starts to supply the interrupt request information, wherein: even if new interrupt cause information is stored during the time when the time measuring unit is measuring the elapse of the predefined time period, the interrupt request supply unit does not supply interrupt request information based on the new interrupt cause information to the processing unit; and after the elapsed time measured by the time measuring unit reaches the predefined time period, the interrupt request supply unit supplies the interrupt request information to the processing unit.

Abstract: A receiver includes a first storage unit, plural second storage units, a selector, a storage controller, and a selection controller. The first storage unit stores at least one packet data. The plural second storage units respectively store at least one condition associated with packet data to be stored in the first storage unit. The selector selects at least one storage unit from the second storage units in accordance with a selection signal. The storage controller stores the packet data in the first storage unit if a received packet data corresponds to any condition stored in a selected storage unit, and discards the packet data if it does not correspond to any condition. The selection controller generates a selection signal for selecting at least one second storage unit in accordance with conditions to which the packet data stored by the storage controller corresponds, and transmits the signal to the selector.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a combining unit, an image forming unit, a verification unit and a controller. The combining unit combines data from a first path and data from a second path. The image forming unit forms a combined image based on combined image data which is obtained by combining, by the combining unit, original image data from the first path and additional image data from the second path and which is transmitted through a third path. The verification unit verifies combined data which is obtained by combining, by the combining unit, verification data from the first path and verification data from the second path and which is transmitted through the third path. The controller detects, based on a verification result by the verification unit, falsification of data in the first path, the second path and the third path.