Abstract: Disclosed is a portable, hand-held printing apparatus capable of maintaining high printing quality even when the movement of the apparatus becomes unstable due to looseness or wrinkles of a printing medium or even when the moving velocity of the apparatus changes. When a user moves the housing of this apparatus on a printing medium to print on the printing medium by using a printhead, the apparatus itself detects the moving velocity of the housing. On the basis of this detection result, the apparatus adjusts the supply timing of a driving signal for driving the printhead.

Abstract: A select-shock control system of an automotive automatic transmission is shown. The transmission has an engaging element which becomes engaged due to application of hydraulic pressure thereto when it is needed to shift the transmission from a neutral condition to a drive condition.

Abstract: In select-shock control apparatus and method for a vehicular automatic transmission, the automatic transmission having a friction element to be released when a range selection from a vehicular running range to a neutral range occurs, a determination is made whether the range selection from the vehicular running range to the neutral range occurs; a transient hydraulic pressure control is performed such that a hydraulic pressure drawn out from the friction element is reduced up to a pressure level such as not to generate a shock which would occur in the vehicle when the range selection occurs, the level of the drawn out hydraulic pressure is maintained for a time duration at an end of which no vehicular running torque is left in the friction element, and, thereafter, an engagement torque developed on the friction element is drawn out at a dash when determining that the range selection from the vehicular running range to the neutral range occurs.

Abstract: A downshift control device for an automatic transmission is provided in which the transmission is shifted down by releasing an oil pressure from a first engaging element that has been engaged while applying an oil pressure to a second engaging element that has been released.

Abstract: A downshift control device for an automatic transmission is provided in which a drive command is generated to a shift actuator when a shift command to change a gear ratio of the transmission is generated, to switch a shift valve and change oil paths, thereby to release a first engaging element that has been engaged in a first gear position established by the automatic transmission before the shifting operation, and engage a second engaging element that has been released in the first gear position, so as to establish a second gear position after the shifting operation.

Abstract: A hydraulic control device determines whether the transmission is being shifted down, and upon determination of the shift-down action, determines whether the vehicle is in a power-on condition or in a power-off condition. Upon determination of the power-off condition, the hydraulic control device regulates the control oil pressure applied to the engaging element, such that the oil pressure is rapidly increased from the beginning of a shifting process, and is maintained at a high level until the shifting process is about to be completed. Upon determination of the power-on condition, the control device regulates the control oil pressure such that the oil pressure is maintained at a low level from the beginning of the shifting process, and is increased just before completion of the shifting process.

Abstract: A thin-film forming method comprising an uncured-layer forming step in which a mixed composition containing an organic polymerizing agent curable composition and a silicone polymerizing curable composition is prepared to form an uncured layer consisting of this mixed composition on a resin substrate; a solvent removing step in which the solvent in the uncured layer is removed; a first polymerization curing step in which the organic polymerizing curable composition in the uncured layer is polymerized; and a second polymerization curing step in which the silicone polymerizing curable composition in the uncured layer is polymerized. The thin-film forming method can comprise formation of the uncured layer on a resin substrate through the intermediation of a primer layer or formation of an uncured underlayer and uncured top layer followed by separate underlayer polymerization and top layer polymerization curing steps.

Abstract: An automatic transmission learning control apparatus comprises a memory for storing parameters in memory locations specified for respective throttle valve position ranges. A physical quantity related to a gear shift operation made in an automatic transmission is measured. The parameter stored in the memory location specified by the throttle valve position range including the sensed throttle valve position is updated in a direction to bring the measured physical quantity into agreement with a target value. The parameter stored in the memory location specified by the throttle valve position range including the existing throttle valve position is used to control the gear shift operation. The throttle valve position ranges have a smaller width for a throttle valve position causing a greater rate of change of a torque inputted to the automatic transmission with respect to a throttle valve position change.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a lockup clutch provided in an automatic transmission having an impeller and a turbine. The pressure of the oil supplied to the lockup clutch is controlled by a lockup solenoid which is operable on a control signal having a variable duty cycle to operate the lockup clutch in a complete lockup mode to complete a mechanical connection between the turbine and the impeller and a released lockup mode to provide a hydrodynamic driving connection between the turbine and the impeller.

Abstract: A gear shift control apparatus for use with an automatic transmission including a friction element operable on a hydraulic pressure applied thereto in an engaged and disengaged state. A gear ratio obtained in the automatic transmission is calculated based on transmission input and output shaft speeds. A reference gear ratio is set based on at least one of the transmission input and output shaft speeds. The hydraulic pressure is changed from a first level to a second level to change the friction element from the disengaged state to the engaged state so as to produce a change from a higher gear to a lower gear when the gear ratio reaches the reference gear ratio. The reference gear ratio increases as at least one of the transmission input and output shaft speeds increases. Alternatively, the reference gear ratio may be set at a smaller value as the rate of change of the gear ratio increases.

Abstract: A gear shift control apparatus for use in an automatic transmission having a friction element operable on a hydraulic pressure applied thereto in an engaged and disengaged state. A shift change control is performed to change the hydraulic pressure in a manner to produce a shift change according to a predetermined shift schedule based on transmission input and output shaft speeds and engine load. A section is provided for calculating the gear ratio obtained in the automatic transmission based on the transmission input and output shaft speeds. When a change is effected to one of highest and lowest gears or when a change is effected from one of the highest and lowest gears, a transient hydraulic pressure control of changing the hydraulic pressure from the first level to the second level is performed to change the friction element state so as to effect a shift change when the calculated gear ratio reaches a reference gear ratio.

Abstract: A thin-film forming method comprising an uncured-layer forming step in which a mixed composition containing an organic polymerizing agent curable composition and a silicone polymerizing curable composition is prepared to form an uncured layer consisting of this mixed composition on a resin substrate; a solvent removing step in which the solvent in the uncured layer is removed; a first polymerization curing step in which the organic polymerizing curable composition in the uncured layer is polymerized; and a second polymerization curing step in which the silicone polymerizing curable composition in the uncured layer is polymerized. The thin-film forming method can comprise formation of the uncured layer on a resin substrate through the intermediation of a primer layer or formation of an uncured underlayer and uncured top layer followed by separate underlayer polymerization and top layer polymerization curing steps.

Abstract: A band brake device used to apply a brake to a rotating drum forming part of an automatic transmission of an automotive vehicle. The band brake device comprises a brake band wrapped around the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum. A lining material is bonded to the inner surface of the brake band to be contactable with the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum. The brake band is provided at its movable end with a bracket which is adapted to be pushed by a piston of a hydraulic servo device. The bracket is connected through a link to a casing, so that the movable end is guided to be move in a direction generally parallel with a tangential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the drum at a position adjacent the movable end.