Abstract: A functional water concentration sensor includes: a container used to contain functional water; a light source that emits ultraviolet light; a phosphor that emits fluorescence when excited by ultraviolet light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the container; and a light-receiving element that receives the fluorescence, wherein a peak wavelength of the ultraviolet light emitted from the light source is in a predetermined range that includes an absorption peak specific to the functional water.

Abstract: A functional water concentration sensor includes: a container used to contain functional water; a light source that emits ultraviolet light; a phosphor that emits fluorescence when excited by ultraviolet light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the container; and a light-receiving element that receives the fluorescence, wherein a peak wavelength of the ultraviolet light emitted from the light source is in a predetermined range that includes an absorption peak specific to the functional water.

Abstract: Light-dimming device includes: first and second terminals; switch including switching device connected between terminals; adjuster for varying conduction angle of switch; controller for controlling switch and power supply module for supplying power to controller. Controller includes zero-cross detection circuit for detecting zero-cross of AC voltage, control circuit for generating PWM signal of on-duty ratio corresponding to conduction angle from adjuster, and driver circuit for turning device on and off by PWM signal. Controller allows device to conduct and then turn off within variable period of time, from start of half cycle of AC voltage, shorter than half cycle. Circuit starts generation of pulse in PWM signal when prescribed period of time, shorter than variable period of time, from zero-cross of voltage elapses.

Abstract: A light-dimming device includes a switch including a switching device, a controller, and a power supply module. The power supply module includes a capacitor to be charged by a constant voltage circuit. The controller includes a driver circuit, a zero-cross detection circuit, a detecting circuit, and a control circuit, and receive electric power from the capacitor. The driver circuit drives the switching device in accordance with a PWM signal. The control circuit starts generation of a pulse, to be contained in the PWM signal, for turning on the switching device after the zero-cross detection circuit detects zero-cross and also a voltage across the capacitor is threshold or more.

Abstract: A light-dimming device includes a switch including a switching device, a controller, and a power supply module. The power supply module includes a capacitor to be charged by a constant voltage circuit. The controller includes a driver circuit, a zero-cross detection circuit, a detecting circuit, and a control circuit, and receive electric power from the capacitor. The driver circuit drives the switching device in accordance with a PWM signal. The control circuit starts generation of a pulse, to be contained in the PWM signal, for turning on the switching device after the zero-cross detection circuit detects zero-cross and also a voltage across the capacitor is threshold or more.

Abstract: Light-dimming device includes: first and second terminals; switch including switching device connected between terminals; adjuster for varying conduction angle of switch; controller for controlling switch and power supply module for supplying power to controller. Controller includes zero-cross detection circuit for detecting zero-cross of AC voltage, control circuit for generating PWM signal of on-duty ratio corresponding to conduction angle from adjuster, and driver circuit for turning device on and off by PWM signal. Controller allows device to conduct and then turn off within variable period of time, from start of half cycle of AC voltage, shorter than half cycle. Circuit starts generation of pulse in PWM signal when prescribed period of time, shorter than variable period of time, from zero-cross of voltage elapses.

Abstract: A determiner determines whether an illumination load is an LED illumination device or an incandescent lamp, based on a voltage of a rectifier within a time period from start of supply of the AC voltage to the rectifier to a time a predetermined time elapses. A control circuit controls a driver under a condition where values of a conduction angle of a switch corresponding to magnitudes of the first DC voltages except a maximum and a minimum thereof in a case where the determiner determines that the illumination load is the LED illumination device are smaller than values of the conduction angles of the switch of a case where the determiner determines that the illumination load is the incandescent lamp.

Abstract: A reception device is provided with an expander for frequency-converting a reception signal, by multiplying a station-transmitted signal output from an oscillator and having a frequency different from a center frequency of the reception signal, and the reception signal, and outputting an intermediate signal. The oscillator intermittently operates in synchronization with generation timings of short pulse waves included in the reception signal. Thus, the reception device can reduce power consumption more using an ultra wide band (UWB) communication system.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment, a bubble column-type slurry bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction process can be provided, in which synthesis gas supplied continuously from the bottom of a reactor contacts suspended catalyst particles to form liquid hydrocarbons, gaseous hydrocarbons and water. Additionally, a slurry of suspended liquid products and catalyst particles can move from the reactor to the lower portion of a separation vessel to separate the catalyst particles and gaseous products. Further, a process can be provided in which the liquid products formed are sent to the separation vessel a process in which liquid products can be derived. Additionally, a process can be provided in which a slurry in which catalyst particles are concentrated is derived from the bottom of the separation vessel and circulated to the bottom of the reactor, are driven by the driving force of synthesis gas without using an external drive power source.

Abstract: A reception device according to the present invention is provided with an expander for frequency-converting a reception signal by multiplying a station-transmitted signal output from an oscillator and having a frequency different from a center frequency of the reception signal and the reception signal and outputting an intermediate signal. The oscillator intermittently operates in synchronization with generation timings of short pulse waves included in the reception signal. Thus, the reception device according to the present invention can reduce power consumption more using a UWB communication system.

Abstract: A bubble column-type slurry bed reaction system is provided in which an operating system, which synthesizes liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reaction and separates and derives a catalyst and liquid hydrocarbon products from a slurry composed of gas, liquid and solid phases, can be simplified, and deterioration of catalyst particles caused by attrition and so forth can be reduced.

Abstract: Synthesis gas for FT synthesis is produced using a producing apparatus including an active carbon adsorbing vessel for adsorbing impurities in a natural gas, a hydro-desulfurizer for hydrogenating and desulfurizing sulfur content in the natural gas under a condition of a partial pressure of hydrogen of 100 to 200 kPa, a second hydrogen supplying line for supplying hydrogen to the natural gas between the hydro-desulfurizer and a reactor, the reactor for obtaining synthesis gas by reacting the natural gas, carbon dioxide and steam in the presence of a catalyst for reforming, and a heat recovering boiler for cooling the synthesis gas at a cooling rate of 2000 to 4000° C./second.

Abstract: Synthesis gas for FT synthesis is produced using a producing apparatus including an active carbon adsorbing vessel for adsorbing impurities in a natural gas, a hydro-desulfurizer for hydrogenating and desulfurizing sulfur content in the natural gas under a condition of a partial pressure of hydrogen of 100 to 200 kPa, a second hydrogen supplying line for supplying hydrogen to the natural gas between the hydro-desulfurizer and a reactor, the reactor for obtaining synthesis gas by reacting the natural gas, carbon dioxide and steam in the presence of a catalyst for reforming, and a heat recovering boiler for cooling the synthesis gas at a cooling rate of 2000 to 4000° C./second.