Abstract: A manufacturing method of a proton conducting membrane includes a pressing process, a hydrolyzing process, and a peeling process. In the pressing process, a resin film is brought into contact with at least one surface of an electrolyte resin material dissolved in polyphosphoric acid and pressure is applied to form the electrolyte resin material into a membrane shape. In the hydrolyzing process, the polyphosphoric acid is hydrolyzed and phosphorylated after the pressing process. In the peeling process, the resin film is peeled off from the electrolyte resin material having the membrane shape after the hydrolyzing process to obtain the proton conducting membrane made of the electrolyte resin material containing phosphoric acid. The resin film is made of a resin having an acidic substituent.

Abstract: A power amplifier circuit includes an amplifier unit disposed on a die of a semiconductor device. The amplifier unit includes an amplifier transistor. The power amplifier circuit further includes a detector transistor disposed on the die of the semiconductor device, a variable attenuator that compensates for a gain of the amplifier unit, a bias level setting holding unit that holds a bias level setting value, which is set based on at least a detection value of the detector transistor, and a bias generation unit that generates a bias value of the variable attenuator based on the bias level setting value.

Abstract: A ground pad is disposed on a substrate. A plurality of transistors, each grounded at an emitter thereof, are in a first direction on a surface of the substrate. An input line connected to bases of the transistors is on the substrate. At least two shunt inductors are each connected at one end thereof to the input line and connected at the other end thereof to the ground pad. In the first direction, the two shunt inductors are on opposite sides of a center of a region where the transistors are arranged.

Abstract: A power amplifier device includes a semiconductor substrate; a plurality of first transistors that are provided on the semiconductor substrate and receive input of a radio-frequency signal; a plurality of second transistors that are provided on the semiconductor substrate and electrically connected to the respective plurality of first transistors, and output a radio-frequency output signal obtained by amplifying the radio-frequency signal; a plurality of first bumps provided so as to overlay the respective plurality of first transistors; and a second bump provided away from the plurality of first bumps and provided so as not to overlay the plurality of first transistors and the plurality of second transistors. When viewed in plan from a direction perpendicular to a surface of the semiconductor substrate, a first transistor and a first bump, a second transistor, the second bump, a second transistor, and a first transistor and a first bump are arranged in sequence.

Abstract: An X-ray tube, including: an envelope (11) that holds inside thereof at a predetermined pressure; a filament (12) for emitting electrons and a focus electrode (13) provided in the envelope: and a target (15) for generating X-ray provided in the envelope facing to the filament (12) and the focus electrode (13), wherein the envelope (11) has an envelope body (11a) and an X-ray window portion (16) having a higher X-rays transmissivity and a higher electric conductivity than the envelope body (11a), when the X-ray window portion (16) or the anode (14) is set to a lower electric potential than both of an electric potential of the anode (14) or the X-ray window portion (16) and an electric potential of the filament (12) and the focus electrode (13), detection of at least one of an ion current (Ii) or an electron current (Ie) through the X-ray window portion (16) or the anode (14) is possible.

Abstract: An X-ray tube, including: an envelope (11) that holds inside thereof at a predetermined pressure; a filament (12) for emitting electrons and a focus electrode (13) provided in the envelope: and a target (15) for generating X-ray provided in the envelope facing to the filament (12) and the focus electrode (13), wherein the envelope (11) has an envelope body (11a) and an X-ray window portion (16) having a higher X-rays transmissivity and a higher electric conductivity than the envelope body (11a), when the X-ray window portion (16) or the anode (14) is set to a lower electric potential than both of an electric potential of the anode (14) or the X-ray window portion (16) and an electric potential of the filament (12) and the focus electrode (13), detection of at least one of an ion current (Ii) or an electron current (Ie) through the X-ray window portion (16) or the anode (14) is possible.

Abstract: A power amplifier circuit includes an amplifier unit disposed on a die of a semiconductor device. The amplifier unit includes an amplifier transistor. The power amplifier circuit further includes a detector transistor disposed on the die of the semiconductor device, a variable attenuator that compensates for a gain of the amplifier unit, a bias level setting holding unit that holds a bias level setting value, which is set based on at least a detection value of the detector transistor, and a bias generation unit that generates a bias value of the variable attenuator based on the bias level setting value.

Abstract: A ground pad is disposed on a substrate. A plurality of transistors, each grounded at an emitter thereof, are in a first direction on a surface of the substrate. An input line connected to bases of the transistors is on the substrate. At least two shunt inductors are each connected at one end thereof to the input line and connected at the other end thereof to the ground pad. In the first direction, the two shunt inductors are on opposite sides of a center of a region where the transistors are arranged.

Abstract: Detection of contained metal contained in an article can be carried out with a high sensitivity with a simple operation in a limited space. A transmission coil 42 that generates a magnetic field for inspection from an upper surface side through a lower surface side of a placing table 21 and a plurality of magnetic sensors 43 for detecting the magnetic field are provided in a head 40 disposed on a lower surface side of the placing table 21 for placing an article which is an inspection object. When the head 40 is scanned so as to cover the entire lower surface-side region of the placing table 21, metal being contained in the article placed on the placing table 21 is detected on the basis of a change in the magnetic field being detected by the magnetic sensors 43.

Abstract: Detection of contained metal contained in an article can be carried out with a high sensitivity with a simple operation in a limited space. A transmission coil 42 that generates a magnetic field for inspection from an upper surface side through a lower surface side of a placing table 21 and a plurality of magnetic sensors 43 for detecting the magnetic field are provided in a head 40 disposed on a lower surface side of the placing table 21 for placing an article which is an inspection object. When the head 40 is scanned so as to cover the entire lower surface-side region of the placing table 21, metal being contained in the article placed on the placing table 21 is detected on the basis of a change in the magnetic field being detected by the magnetic sensors 43.

Abstract: This present invention provides crystallization of ?-form crystals preferentially which are metastable crystals without precipitating ?-form crystals. This method allows for the precipitation of ?-form crystals which are metastable crystals by combining (a) the process of achieving supersaturation by mixing an acidic solution with an aqueous solution containing glutamic acid to attain a pH at the isoelectric point of glutamic acid or lower, and (b) after a certain elapsed time, adding more of the aqueous glutamic acid solution to achieve a second supersaturation.

Abstract: This present invention provides crystallization of ?-form crystals preferentially which are metastable crystals without precipitating ?-form crystals. This method allows for the precipitation of ?-form crystals which are metastable crystals by combining (a) the process of achieving supersaturation by mixing an acidic solution with an aqueous solution containing glutamic acid to attain a pH at the isoelectric point of glutamic acid or lower, and (b) after a certain elapsed time, adding more of the aqueous glutamic acid solution to achieve a second supersaturation.

Abstract: An optical spectrum analyzer measures to-be-measured light while carrying out calibration processing for correcting wavelength information of spectrum data of the to-be-measured light by a wavelength information correction device through a storage device based on the spectrum data of reference light that is obtained by causing the reference light whose wavelength is known to be incident on a tunable wavelength filter from light incident devices at all times together with the to-be-measured light. Since the optical spectrum analyzer can continuously measure the to-be-measured light in a wide wavelength range at high speed while maintaining high wavelength accuracy, it can continuously obtain the spectrum data of the to-be-measured light with high wavelength accuracy even if it is installed in a place in which an environment intensely changes.

Abstract: An optical spectrum analyzer measures to-be-measured light while carrying out calibration processing for correcting wavelength information of spectrum data of the to-be-measured light by a wavelength information correction device through a storage device based on the spectrum data of reference light that is obtained by causing the reference light whose wavelength is known to be incident on a tunable wavelength filter from light incident devices at all times together with the to-be-measured light. Since the optical spectrum analyzer can continuously measure the to-be-measured light in a wide wavelength range at high speed while maintaining high wavelength accuracy, it can continuously obtain the spectrum data of the to-be-measured light with high wavelength accuracy even if it is installed in a place in which an environment intensely changes.

Abstract: This invention provides a contaminant-detecting apparatus having high selectivity and high sensitivity against a contaminant. A product (1) is conveyed to a point where it is irradiated by x-rays from source (3). An x-ray detector (4), having a predetermined detection unit width in a direction perpendicularly intersecting the conveying direction, then detects the x-rays transmitted through the product. A storage unit (5) stores a two-dimensional distribution of x-ray intensity detected by the x-ray detector as a transmission image in units of pixels. An average calculation unit (7) performs a sum-or-product operation of a kernel, which is equal to or larger than 7.times.7 pixels, (9.times.9 or 11.times.11), and equal to or smaller than (a pixel count corresponding to 1/2 the predetermined x-ray detection unit width).times.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coin discriminating apparatus for discriminating the thickness, material, diameter, and the like of a coin at high precision. A transmission coil (11) receives an AC signal generated by an AC signal generating unit (24) and applies an alternating magnetic field to a coin (C) to be discriminated. A reception coil (12) detects an electromotive force induced when the the transmission coil (11) applies the alternating magnetic field on the coin to be discriminated. A detection signal generating unit (27) generates a detection signal having a predetermined phase with respect to the AC signal generated by the AC signal generating unit (24). A phase detecting unit (26) phase-detects the electromotive force detected by the reception coil (12) in accordance with the detection signal generated by the detection signal generating unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coin discriminating apparatus for discriminating the thickness, material, diameter, and the like of a coin at high precision. A transmission coil (11) receives an AC signal generated by an AC signal generating unit (24) and applies an alternating magnetic field to a coin (C) to be discriminated. A reception coil (12) detects an electromotive force induced when the the transmission coil (11) applies the alternating magnetic field on the coin to be discriminated. A detection signal generating unit (27) generates a detection signal having a predetermined phase with respect to the AC signal generated by the AC signal generating unit (24). A phase detecting unit (26) phase-detects the electromotive force detected by the reception coil (12) in accordance with the detection signal generated by the detection signal generating unit.

Abstract: A cable is previously introduced into a pipe in which the cable is to be laid. A wagon is caused to move through the pipe and the cable is raised up with the aid of an arm disposed at the fore part of the wagon until it abuts against the inner wall of the pipe. The cable is then fixed to the inner wall of the pipe by using fixing means disposed at the rear part of the wagon.