Abstract: The present invention provides a method to efficiently degrade nucleic acids, which result in a viscosity increase of the solution thereof on the occasion of decomposition or solubilization of microbial cells, in an easy and simple manner in the step of recovering various useful substance produced by a microorganism, and a use thereof. The product recovery method of the present invention make the product recovery from within microbial cells with ease under relatively mild conditions, because, by bringing living microbial cells into contact with a little amount of hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof, autodigestion of nucleic acids is induced and following decomposition of microbial cells or viscosity increase of the solution thereof after dissolution is inhibited. The method of the present invention is particularly preferred in recovering polyhydroxyalkanoates, which are biodegradable polymers, from microbial cells.

Abstract: The present invention has its object to provide a method of producing PHA by extracting, separating, and purifying PHA from biomass containing PHA having an weight average molecular weight of more than 2,000,000, by which smooth stirring can be carried out during extraction and filterability of a residue becomes good to thereby efficiently produce PHA with good operability. In the present invention, PHA is extracted, separated, and purified from biomass by a method of producing polyhydroxyalkanoate by extracting and isolating polyhydroxyalkanoate by using an aprotic organic solvent from biomass containing polyhydroxyalkanoate having a weight average molecular weight of more than 2,000,000, which comprises decreasing the weight average molecular weight of the polyhydroxyalkanoate through any one of the following treatments: (a) the biomass is heated at 40 to 500° C. before addition of the aprotic organic solvent; (b) the biomass is heated at 40 to 500° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for obtaining a biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate by a solvent extraction method without causing a significant molecular weight decrease. The present invention relates to a method for producing a polyhydroxyalkanoate which comprises extracting a polyhydroxyalkanoate from a polyhydroxyalkanoate-containing biomass having the water content of 5% by weight or less using an extraction solvent, crystallizing, and recovering the resultant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method to efficiently degrade nucleic acids, which result in a viscosity increase of the solution thereof on the occasion of decomposition or solubilization of microbial cells, in an easy and simple manner in the step of recovering various useful substance produced by a microorganism, and a use thereof. The product recovery method of the present invention make the product recovery from within microbial cells with ease under relatively mild conditions, because, by bringing living microbial cells into contact with a little amount of hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof, autodigestion of nucleic acids is induced and following decomposition of microbial cells or viscosity increase of the solution thereof after dissolution is inhibited. The method of the present invention is particularly preferred in recovering polyhydroxyalkanoates, which are biodegradable polymers, from microbial cells.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid which comprises condensing an amino acid and N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanine.N-carboxyanhydride under basic condition, carrying out decarboxylation under between neutral and acidic condition to obtain N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid, and forming a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the production of a by-product (3): is suppressed by carrying out in an aqueous liquid a series of operations till formation of the pharmacologically acceptable salt or till isolation of the pharmacologically acceptable salt. The present invention enables to prepare the pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid having high quality, in a commercial scale with high yield and economical efficiency.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid which comprises condensing an amino acid and N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanine.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid which comprises condensing an amino acid and N-(1(S) -ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanine N-carboxy-anhydride under basic condition, carrying out decarboxylation under between neutral and acidic condition to obtain N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid, and forming a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the production of a by-product (3): is suppressed by carrying out in an aqueous liquid a series of operations till formation of the pharmacologically acceptable salt or till isolation of the pharmacologically acceptable salt. The present invention enables to prepare the pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid having high quality, in a commercial scale with high yield and economical efficiency.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid which comprises condensing an amino acid and N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanine.

Abstract: An industrial advantage process for producing high-purity 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran easily and simply, which comprises reducing a 4-halo-3-hydroxybutyric acid ester (1) with a boron hydride compound and/or an aluminum hydride compound as a reducing agent in an organic solvent immiscible with water; treating the reaction mixture with an acid and water to thereby effect conversion to the corresponding 4-halo-1,3-butanediol and at the same time giving an aqueous solution containing said compound; carrying out the cyclization reaction of the 4-halo-1,3-butanediol in said aqueous solution; extracting the resulting 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran from the 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-containing aqueous solution using an organic solvent immiscible with water; and isolating the 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran by concentration and/or distillation of the solution obtained.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid which comprises condensing an amino acid and N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanine.N-carboxyanhydride under basic condition, carrying out decarboxylation under between neutral and acidic condition to obtain N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid, and forming a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the production of a by-product (3): is suppressed by carrying out in an aqueous liquid a series of operations till formation of the pharmacologically acceptable salt or till isolation of the pharmacologically acceptable salt. The present invention enables to prepare the pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid having high quality, in a commercial scale with high yield and economical efficiency.

Abstract: The process for producing N2-(1(S)-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-L-lysyl-L-proline in a simple, efficient and industrially advantageous manner, including the following steps: 1) subjecting N2-(1(S)-alkoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-N6-trifluoroacetyl-L-lysyl-L-proline (1) to alkali hydrolysis in a mixed solution composed of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent using an inorganic base in an amount of n molar equivalents (n ≧ 3) per mole of the above compound (1), 2) neutralizing the hydrolysis product using an inorganic acid in an amount of (n − 1) to n molar equivalents (n ≧ 3) to form a compound (2) and removing the inorganic salt formed by causing the same to precipitate out from a solvent system suited for decreasing the solubility of the inorganic salt, and 3) causing the compound (2) existing in the mixture after removal of the inorganic salt to crystallize out at the isoelectric point thereof and thereby recovering the compound (2) in the form of crystals while retaining the salts including the

Abstract: A process for simply and easily crystallizing a maleate salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-L-proline (enalapril) having a high quality out of an aqueous liquid, which comprises mixing an aqueous liquid having a pH of not less than 4 and containing N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-L-proline, maleic acid and a base with an amount of an acid sufficient to convert substantially all the base into a neutral salt.

Abstract: A process for preparing a trans-.beta.-aroylacrylic ester which comprises reacting an aryl methyl ketone and an alkyl acetal of alkyl glyoxylate in the presence of an acid catalyst with heating.This process is excellent in operability, safety and ecomony and therefore is industrially advantageous process.

Abstract: A process for preparing trans-.beta.-benzoylacrylic acid ester having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl group or aralkyl group, which comprises dealcoholizing .beta.-benzoyl-.alpha.-alkoxypropionic acid ester having the general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R is above, in the presence of an acid catalyst to give trans-.beta.-benzoylacrylic acid ester having the general formula (I).According to the process of the present invention, the by-product (II) produced in the esterification reaction of .beta.-benzoylacrylic acid (III) with the alcohol (V) by the dehydration reaction can be converted into the compound (I) by the dealcoholization reaction in the presence of the acid catalyst and thus trans-.beta.-benzoylacrylic acid ester (I) with a high purity can be produced in an industrially advantageous manner.

Abstract: An inorganic acid salt of N-[1(S)-ethyoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanylchloride having the formula (I): ##STR1## A process for preparing an inorganic acid salt of N-[1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanylchloride having the formula (I) ##STR2## which comprises reacting an inorganic acid salt of N-[1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanine with phosphorous pentachloride in an inactive organic solvent. According to the present invention, ACEI can be economically and easily prepared.

Abstract: A process for preparing N-[1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline, which comprises reacting N-carboxyanhydride of N-[1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanine with L-proline in the presence of a base. According to the process, enalapril can be prepared economically, easily and effectively.