Abstract: A power transmission apparatus disposed includes: a motor for driving wheels, and transforms kinetic energy at the driving path to electrical energy; a normal close type clutch that includes an input and an output and is selectively set in an engaging state and a released state, wherein the clutch is normally set in the engaging state by a biasing member and is set in the released state when hydraulic pressure is applied; a hydraulic-pressure feeding device for supplying the adjusted hydraulic pressure to the clutch; and a control device for controlling the feeding device. When changing the clutch from the engaged state to the released state, if the difference between rotation numbers of the input and the output becomes equal to or larger than the predetermined value, the control device controls the feeding device to bring the clutch to a state just before the engaged state.

Abstract: A trigger signal detection apparatus includes: a clock gating circuit which is supplied with a trigger signal and a clock signal and outputs the clock signal; a trigger signal processing circuit which outputs a first signal only for a predetermined time when the clock signal is supplied from the clock gating circuit; a counter which operates in response to the trigger signal, thus outputting a count value of the clock signal; and a time set-up circuit which outputs a second signal to the trigger signal processing circuit when count value supplied from the counter reaches a preset value, and the trigger signal processing circuit stops outputting the first signal when the trigger signal processing circuit receives the second signal.

Abstract: A system includes a multivariable mass flow rate transmitter having a mass flow rate computation section, and a flow rate setting tool which performs setup of the mass flow rate computation section, the flow rate setting tool including a parameter generation section, a condition input section, a model computation section, a first mass flow rate display section which displays an output value of the model computation section, a second mass flow rate display section which displays the computation result, and a diagnosing display screen which displays the first and second mass flow rate display sections on the same screen.

Abstract: A multi-variable mass/flow rate transfer device is provided with: a differential pressure/static pressure/temperature calculating unit for calculating a differential pressure value, a static pressure value, and a temperature value in real time based upon a signal detected from a process; an instantaneous flow rate calculating unit for calculating an instantaneous flow rate based upon the differential pressure value, the static pressure value, and the temperature value; an accumulation counter for accumulating the calculated instantaneous flow rate of the instantaneous flow rate calculating unit so as to produce an accumulated flow rate; and an accumulated flow rate alarm unit for producing an alarm when the accumulated flow rate produced by the accumulation counter becomes a predetermined value.

Abstract: In a stable gold plating liquid having a low toxicity besides properties comparable to those of a cyan-type gold plating liquid, iodine and/or iodide ions, gold ions, and a polyalcohol having at least 4 carbon atoms are contained. The polyalcohol having at least 4 carbon atoms may be diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol. The content of the polyalcohol having at least 4 carbon atoms in the gold plating liquid is generally 10 to 90 percent by weight. The gold plating liquid may contain water.

Abstract: An etching liquid contains iodine, an iodine compound and alcohol as solute, and solvent such as water. The etching liquid etches a gold or gold alloy layer formed on the surface of a substrate for a semiconductor device or a liquid crystal device evenly. A plurality of gold or gold alloy columns is formed on the layer. The columns are etched scarcely by the etching liquid. The etching liquid etches the gold or gold alloy layer existing between the columns evenly. The etching liquid may further contain a surfactant.

Abstract: A system includes a multivariable mass flow rate transmitter having a mass flow rate computation section, and a flow rate setting tool which performs setup of the mass flow rate computation section, the flow rate setting tool including a parameter generation section which generates operational parameters of the mass flow rate computation section, a condition input section for inputting a diagnosing condition, an interface section which transmits the operational parameters to the transmitter, and receives a computation result of the mass flow rate computation section, a model computation section which calculates a mass flow rate value based on the diagnosing condition, a first mass flow rate display section which displays an output value of the model computation section, a second mass flow rate display section which displays the computation result, and a diagnosing display screen which displays the first and second mass flow rate display sections on the same screen.

Abstract: The multi-variable mass/flow rate transfer device is provided with: a differential pressure/static pressure/temperature calculating unit for calculating a differential pressure value, a static pressure value, and a temperature value in real time based upon a signal detected from a process; an instantaneous flow rate calculating unit for calculating an instantaneous flow rate based upon the differential pressure value, the static pressure value, and the temperature value; an accumulation counter for accumulating the calculated instantaneous flow rate of the instantaneous flow rate calculating unit so as to produce an accumulated flow rate; and an accumulated flow rate alarm unit for producing an alarm when the accumulated flow rate produced by the accumulation counter becomes a predetermined value.

Abstract: In a method of etching a semiconductor device or a liquid crystal device, an etching liquid is prepared to include a solvent, and a solute containing at least iodine, at least one iodine compound and alcohol. The etching liquid is applied to a substrate of the semiconductor device or the liquid crystal device having plural gold columns on a gold layer or gold alloy columns on a gold alloy layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a gear ratio changing operation in a transmission includes clutch controlling device, a motor generating an assist driving torque, and an assist driving torque controlling device for controlling, in response to a clutch operation, the motor to generate a target assist driving torque. While transmission of driving torque between an internal combustion engine and the transmission is being cut off during a clutch control at a constant stroke speed from an engaged state to a disengaged state for a shift operation in the transmission, the assist driving torque controlling device controls the motor to generate an assist driving torque so that the assist driving torque reaches the target assist driving torque at a constant rise rate per time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a micro-hole plating method for depositing a gold layer within a micro opening of a photoresist. The method applies a plating current, which is either only a positive pulse current or a positive/negative pulse current having an appropriate waveform, and also uses a gold plating solution containing gold iodide complex ions and a non-aqueous solvent. This plating solution is less toxic, not easily oxidized, and has a long life, thus offering great performance comparable with the cyanide-type gold plating solution. According to this method, unevenness of bump surface, bump height variation in the wafer, and the bump surface roughness are reduced, and the resulting gold bumps have highly reliable conduction. In addition to this, the method is immune to a short circuit among electrodes, which is caused by a crack in the resist.

Abstract: A shift control system for hybrid vehicles which is constructed to transmit a motive energy of the prime mover to a wheel via a clutch and a transmission, comprises an electric power generating means for generating an electric power by the motive energy of the prime mover, and for supplying the generated electric power to an electric motor, when executing a gear shift of the transmission and transmitting the motive energy of the motor to the wheel.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a gear ratio changing operation in a transmission includes clutch controlling means for controlling a clutch, a motor configured to generate an assist driving torque, target assist driving torque calculating means for calculating a target assist driving torque generated by the motor, and assist driving torque controlling means for controlling, in response to transmission and interruption by the clutch of a driving torque between an engine and the transmission, the motor to generate the target assist driving torque. When, in response to a disengagement of a clutch at the time of a shift operation in the transmission, the driving torque between the engine and the transmission is cut off, the assist driving torque controlling means controls the motor so as to generate an assist driving torque which rises directly and reaches a level of the target assist driving torque in a single step.

Abstract: A driving control device of a motor includes a phase current control device for controlling a phase current which is fed to a phase coil of each phases of a motor in a predetermined control period of each phase coils so as to become a predetermined target current, respectively, a convergent control device for converging the phase current after the end of the control period of each phase coils and a driving signal generating device for generating a driving signal which controls the end timing of the phase current convergent control by the convergent control device so that the phase current convergent control is ended between a timing at which a reverse torque is generated by the phase current and the end timing of the control period for next phase coil.

Abstract: A shift control system for hybrid vehicles which is constructed to transmit a motive energy of the prime mover to a wheel via a clutch and a transmission, comprises an electric power generating means for generating an electric power by the motive energy of the prime mover, and for supplying the generated electric power to an electric motor, when executing a gear shift of the transmission and transmitting the motive energy of the motor to the wheel.

Abstract: An etching liquid contains iodine, an iodine compound and alcohol as solute, and solvent such as water. The etching liquid etches a gold or gold alloy layer formed on the surface of a substrate for a semiconductor device or a liquid crystal device evenly. A purality of gold or gold alloy columns are formed on the layer. The columns are etched scarcely by the etching liquid. The etching liquid etches the gold or gold alloy layer existing between the columns evenly. The etching liquid may further contain a surfactant.

Abstract: A driving control device of a motor includes a phase current control device for controlling a phase current which is fed to a phase coil of each phases of a motor in a predetermined control period of each phase coils so as to become a predetermined target current, respectively, a convergent control device for converging the phase current after the end of the control period of each phase coils and a driving signal generating device for generating a driving signal which controls the end timing of the phase current convergent control by the convergent control device so that the phase current convergent control is ended between a timing at which a reverse torque is generated by the phase current and the end timing of the control period for next phase coil.

Abstract: In a chopping energization control device, a pair of switching elements IGBT/U and IGBT/L are used to control an electric power supplied from a DC power source to a phase coil CL1 of a DC motor, particularly an SR motor, such that one of the switching elements is alternately turned on-and-off while the other is being turned on continually. To avoid uneven heat generations between the switching elements, an arrangement is provided wherein whenever a time elapses beyond a limit value of, for example, 10 milliseconds the conditions of the respective switching elements are swapped with each other. Such a swapping is established cyclically which causes equal heat generations in the switching elements.

Abstract: In a chopping energization control device, a pair of switching elements IGBT/U and IGBT/IL are used to control an electric power supplied from a DC power source to a phase coil CL1 of a DC motor, particularly an SR motor, such that one of the switching elements is alternately turned on-and-off while the other is being turned on continually. To avoid uneven heat generations between the switching elements, an arrangement is provided wherein whenever a time elapses beyond a limit value of for example, 10 milliseconds the conditions of the respective switching elements are swapped with each other. Such a swapping is established cyclically which causes equal heat generations in the switching elements.

Abstract: In order to make an electric motor smooth in drive with improving the electric consumption efficiency, the over heat of a motor driver and vibrations thereat are restricted which result from chopping energization of the electric motor.