Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensor includes a detection device and a circuit portion. The detection device includes a first detection portion and a second detection portion. The first detection portion includes a first detection element. The first detection element includes a first conductive member and a first detection member. The second detection portion includes a second detection element. The second detection element includes a second conductive member and a second detection member. The circuit portion is configured to execute a first detection portion operation for outputting a first detection result corresponding to a first detection value based on the first detection member when a first current is supplied to the first conductive member. In a case where a first evaluation value is not within a first range, the circuit portion is configured to execute a second detection portion operation by the second detection portion.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensor includes a detection device, a switch circuit, and a detection circuit. The detection device includes a first detection section and a second detection section. The first detection section includes a first detection element. The first detection element includes a first conductive member and a first resistance member. The second detection section includes a second detection element. The second detection element includes a second conductive member and a second resistance member. In a first operation, the switch circuit is configured to supply a first current to the first conductive member and not to supply the first current to the second conductive member, and the detection circuit is configured to output a first signal corresponding to a difference between a first electrical resistance of the first resistance member and a second electrical resistance of the second resistance member.

Abstract: A ticket issuer server for receiving purchase requests for contents transmits a ticket, storing a charges receiving entity identifier as contents charges information and data of distribution charges with regard to the charges receiving entity, to a user device, under the condition that billing processing for the contents purchase request of the user device has ended, and executes cashing processing based on receipt of the ticket from the user device. Also, contents purchase log data is collected according to updating processing of a public key certificate of the user device which purchases contents, and further, between entities executing data communication, attributes information is obtained from a public key certificate or attributes certificate of the entity which is the other party of communication, and attributes confirmation based on the obtained attributes information is performed, so processing in guise of another entity can be prevented.

Abstract: Novel foam proteins, monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing said proteins, a method for determining foam protein contents in beer samples by an immunoassay using said monoclonal antibodies, a method for determining head retention and head retention stability of beer, as well as a method for evaluating raw materials of beer and stabilizers for beer are disclosed. The novel foam proteins crucial for head retention of beer have molecular weights of about 40000 to about 48000 as determined by Western blot analysis.