Abstract: Embodiments herein are directed to topical formulations of a compound represented by the formula (I), salt, metabolite, prodrug, or hydrate thereof along with a solvent, and a base. The compound is a PDE4 inhibitor and the topical formulations may be used to treat dermatological conditions such as, but not limited to, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, alopecia, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, eczema, burns, sunburn, pancreatitis, hepatitis, lichen planus, scleritis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, itching associated with any of the preceding conditions or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments herein are directed to topical formulations of a compound represented by the formula (I), salt, metabolite, prodrug, or hydrate thereof along with a solvent, and a base. The compound is a PDE4 inhibitor and the topical formulations may be used to treat dermatological conditions such as, but not limited to, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, alopecia, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, eczema, burns, sunburn, pancreatitis, hepatitis, lichen planus, scleritis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, itching associated with any of the preceding conditions or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments herein are directed to topical formulations of a compound represented by the formula (I), salt, metabolite, prodrug, or hydrate thereof along with a solvent, and a base. The compound is a PDE4 inhibitor and the topical formulations may be used to treat dermatological conditions such as, but not limited to, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, alopecia, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, eczema, burns, sunburn, pancreatitis, hepatitis, lichen planus, scleritis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, itching associated with any of the preceding conditions or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments herein are directed to topical formulations of a compound represented by the formula (I), salt, metabolite, prodrug, or hydrate thereof along with a solvent, and a base. The compound is a PDE4 inhibitor and the topical formulations may be used to treat dermatological conditions such as, but not limited to, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, alopecia, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, eczema, burns, sunburn, pancreatitis, hepatitis, lichen planus, scleritis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, itching associated with any of the preceding conditions or a combination thereof.

Abstract: This technique provides a protein film production method which can form a protein film, with denaturation of protein being prevented. The protein film production method includes mixing a protein with an aqueous solvent, to thereby form an aqueous protein solution PAS1, and treating the aqueous protein solution PAS1 with plasma generated by a plasma generator 100. The plasma generated by the plasma generator 100 has a plasma density of 1×1013 cm?3 to 1×1015 cm?3.

Abstract: An optical recording medium and a manufacturing method for forming the optical recording medium is provided. The optical recording medium includes a bar code-shaped reflection pattern that includes high reflection rate regions and low reflection rate regions and information is recorded with the bar code-shaped reflection pattern. The low reflection rate region is formed with pit strings. The high reflection rate region and the low reflection rate region are formed to satisfy: S+M/2?0.6H, where a signal level of a reproduction signal obtained from a reflection light in the high reflection rate region is denoted as “H”, a signal level of a reproduction signal obtained from a reflection light in the low reflection rate region is denoted as “S”, and a degree of modulation of the reproduction signal obtained from the reflection light in the low reflection rate region is denoted as “M”.

Abstract: The present invention is to realize a proper inner zone layout in a quadruple-layer disk. A test area is provided in the inner zone (inner circumference side area) in each of recording layers. If two test areas closer to the outer circumference, of four test areas, are defined as a first pair and two test areas closer to the inner circumference are defined as a second pair, the test areas of the first pair and the test areas of the second pair are so disposed as to be prevented from overlapping with each other in the layer direction. Two test areas of the first pair have the same consumption direction of the test area, and are so disposed that the areas to be used next hardly overlap with each other in the layer direction. Two test areas of the second pair have the same consumption direction of the test area opposite to the consumption direction of the test area in the first pair, and are so disposed that the areas to be used next hardly overlap with each other in the layer direction.

Abstract: The present invention is to realize a proper inner zone layout in a quadruple-layer disk. A test area is provided in the inner zone (inner circumference side area) in each of recording layers. If two test areas closer to the outer circumference, of four test areas, are defined as a first pair and two test areas closer to the inner circumference are defined as a second pair, the test areas of the first pair and the test areas of the second pair are so disposed as to be prevented from overlapping with each other in the layer direction. Two test areas of the first pair have the same consumption direction of the test area, and are so disposed that the areas to be used next hardly overlap with each other in the layer direction. Two test areas of the second pair have the same consumption direction of the test area opposite to the consumption direction of the test area in the first pair, and are so disposed that the areas to be used next hardly overlap with each other in the layer direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an optical recording medium and a manufacturing method for an optical recording medium capable of obtaining an appropriate reproduction signal, as a bar code-shaped recording region (BCA) on an optical recording medium. This recording region (BCA) is provided that includes high reflection rate regions and low reflection rate regions which appear alternately in the track line direction, and each of the high reflection rate regions and the low reflection rate regions is formed to be continuous in the track pitch direction, whereby a bar code-shaped reflection pattern is formed, and information is recorded with the reflection pattern. In the BCA, the low reflection rate region is formed with pit strings. The high reflection rate region and the low reflection rate region are formed to satisfy: S+M/2?0.

Abstract: The present invention is to realize a proper inner zone layout in an optical disk having at least three layers. A test area is provided in the inner zone (inner circumference side area) in each of recording layers. The test areas of each layer are so disposed as to be prevented from overlapping with each other in the layer direction. Furthermore, the number of management information recording/reproduction areas overlapping with the test area in the layer direction at a position closer to the laser-incident surface than this test area is set equal to or smaller than one in each test area of each recording layer. The management information recording/reproduction areas are each so disposed as to be prevented from overlapping with the test areas in the respective recording layers in the layer direction on the disk substrate side of the test areas.

Abstract: The present invention is to realize a proper inner zone layout in an optical disk having at least three layers. A test area is provided in the inner zone (inner circumference side area) in each of recording layers. The test areas of each layer are so disposed as to be prevented from overlapping with each other in the layer direction. Furthermore, the number of management information recording/reproduction areas overlapping with the test area in the layer direction at a position closer to the laser-incident surface than this test area is set equal to or smaller than one in each test area of each recording layer. The management information recording/reproduction areas are each so disposed as to be prevented from overlapping with the test areas in the respective recording layers in the layer direction on the disk substrate side of the test areas.

Abstract: In a system using a write-once recording medium, proper operations are carried out while applying an overlap-recording method to front and rear linking areas. Each block used as a recording/reproduction unit is provided with linking portions to overlap in a recording operation. Each manufactured write-once recording medium is evaluated by selecting several mediums from those made at the same manufacturing lot for an inspection purpose. In the evaluation process, first of all, data is recorded onto a selected write-once recording medium in block units with the front linking portion of a next block unit overlapping the rear linking portion of the immediately preceding block unit. Then, the recorded block units are read out from the write-once recording medium and an error rate is measured. If the error rate is not greater than a predetermined value, the write-once recording medium is determined to be a good one.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rewritable optical disc which is compatible with a DVD-ROM reproduction apparatus and employs the groove recording method. The optical disc has a recording layer having a land 10 and a groove 9 onto/from which an information signal is recorded and reproduced with a light of a predetermined wavelength, wherein if it is assumed that the groove has a bottom width W1 and an opening width W2, then a groove average width X [&mgr;m] can be expressed as follows: X=(W1+W2)/2, and if the groove has a depth Y nm, then X and Y satisfy the following relationships: Y≧4736X2−4764X+1239 X≦−0.000127Y2+0.018624Y−0.075043 X>0.40.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical disc capable of effectively reducing a reproduction signal jitter value and obtaining a wider record power margin assuring a reproduction limit jitter value to obtain a preferable recording/reproduction characteristic even after a number of times of recording repeated. The optical disc includes the following films successively formed on a substrate 2: a first dielectric film 3; a phase change recording film 4 whose phase is changed between a crystalline state and an amorphous state thereby to record an information signal; a second dielectric film 5; and a light reflection film formed on the phase change recording film 4 and constituted by an Al alloy containing Cu in a range from 0.1 to 1.0 atomic %.

Abstract: A phase-change optical disc has a recording layer formed from a phase-change material switchable between a crystalline state and an amorphous state. The recording layer is illuminated signal-wise by a light is focused onto the recording layer to change the phase thereof from crystalline to amorphous, to thereby write an information signal onto the recording layer. The phase-change material contains a GeSbTe alloy. The recording layer is formed by sputtering in an Ar gas atmosphere containing at least either N2 or O2 gas or both. The optical recording medium exhibits improved durability after repeated recording and maintains a stable and good write/read characteristic even after repeated cycles of signal recording.