Abstract: A titanium stripping solution comprises an aqueous solution of pH 5 or lower containing a fluorine compound and a metal ion having a reducing power, which enables etching of titanium at a high etching rate by the fluorine compound with exhibiting an effect of suppressing corrosion of other metal(s).

Abstract: An immersion nozzle for continuous casting includes a nozzle body and a conduit extending longitudinally through the nozzle body. At least a portion of the interior surface of the nozzle which surrounds the conduit is made of a refractory material including 40-92 wt. % ZrO.sub.2, 5-40 wt. % C and 3-20 wt. % of an oxide admixture of (1) RO and RO.sub.2, wherein RO is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO and MnO; and RO.sub.2 is at least one member selected from the group consisting of SiO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 ; or (2) RO, RO.sub.2 and R.sub.2 O.sub.3 wherein RO and RO.sub.2 are as defined above and R.sub.2 O.sub.3 is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3.