Abstract: Several embodiments of crankcase assemblies for internal combustion engines, wherein the crankcase is configured in such a way as to avoid the loss of oil at the pick-up device, even during sudden maneuvering. This is accomplished in such a way so that the oil will not contact the moving components within the crankcase during normal engine operations so as to avoid churning. In addition, the crankcase is configured in such a way as to provide a plurality of air gaps defined by facing surfaces of the crankcase member so as to provide sound deadening and higher strength with a lighter weight material.

Abstract: A dry process developing apparatus for use in an electrophotographic copying machine which includes a developing non-magnetizable sleeve and a multipolar magnet member arranged to be rotated in the same direction at different speeds, the speed of rotation of the developing sleeve causing movement of those particles of the developing material which at the most are only slightly affected by the multipolar magnet member in the direction of rotation of the sleeve, and the speed of rotation of the multipolar magnet causing the movement of particles of developing material affected by the magnet around the sleeve in a direction of rotation opposite that of the magnet and at a speed greater than the speed of the developing sleeve. Scraping members are provided for sliding contact with the peripheral surface of the developing sleeve in the directions against and following the direction of rotation of the developing sleeve.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive plate which comprises an electrically conductive base, an inorganic photoconductive thin layer of selenium or selenium-arsenic formed on the conductive base, and an organic semiconductor layer, for example, of polyvinylcarbazole further deposited on the inorganic photoconductive layer. By the addition of a proper amount of nitrated benzoic acid derivatives to the upper organic semiconductor layer, the increase of residual potential and difficulty of maintaining surface potential in repeated use of the photosensitive plate are remarkably reduced.