Abstract: A complex of ?(1?3) glucan and a nucleic acid, and having a controlled particle size is provided by the present invention. Furthermore, a complex of ?(1?3) glucan and a nucleic acid, and having a controlled particle size is provided by the present invention.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation device for an engine including a plurality of cylinders and intake branch passages is provided. The exhaust gas recirculation device includes an exhaust chamber and distribution passages for the respective cylinders. The exhaust chamber is connected to an exhaust passage of the engine, and exhaust gas from the exhaust passage is introduced into the exhaust chamber. The distribution passages connect the exhaust chamber to the intake branch passages for the respective cylinders so as to recirculate the exhaust gas back into the intake branch passages. The flow passage area of a first portion of each of the distribution passages is smaller than the flow passage area of a second portion of each of the distribution passages. The first portion is connected to the corresponding intake branch passage, and the second portion is connected to the exhaust chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation device for an engine including a plurality of cylinders and intake branch passages is provided. The exhaust gas recirculation device includes an exhaust chamber and distribution passages for the respective cylinders. The exhaust chamber is connected to an exhaust passage of the engine, and exhaust gas from the exhaust passage is introduced into the exhaust chamber. The distribution passages connect the exhaust chamber to the intake branch passages for the respective cylinders so as to recirculate the exhaust gas back into the intake branch passages. The flow passage area of a first portion of each of the distribution passages is smaller than the flow passage area of a second portion of each of the distribution passages. The first portion is connected to the corresponding intake branch passage, and the second portion is connected to the exhaust chamber.

Abstract: In a drive device for a railway vehicle, in which regeneration braking force is increased by adding the output voltage of a voltage adjustment device to a DC power source voltage, operation of the current control device is started prior to the start of the power running operation or the regeneration operation of the inverter device, and the operation of the current control device is stopped later than the stopping of the power running operation or the regeneration operation of the inverter device. Thereby, the current control device is surely operated at least during the operation period of the inverter device, so that the output voltage of the voltage adjustment device is adjusted by the current control device, to thereby prevent the over-discharge of the energy storage device at the time of power running operation or the overcharge of the energy storage device at the time of regeneration operation.

Abstract: In a drive device for a railway vehicle, in which regeneration braking force is increased by adding the output voltage of a voltage adjustment device to a DC power source voltage, operation of the current control device is started prior to the start of the power running operation or the regeneration operation of the inverter device, and the operation of the current control device is stopped later than the stopping of the power running operation or the regeneration operation of the inverter device. Thereby, the current control device is surely operated at least during the operation period of the inverter device, so that the output voltage of the voltage adjustment device is adjusted by the current control device, to thereby prevent the over-discharge of the energy storage device at the time of power running operation or the overcharge of the energy storage device at the time of regeneration operation.

Abstract: An intake pipe structure of an engine comprises: a joint pipe unit constituted by a return pipe portion and an intake pipe portion for introducing air into the engine. The return pipe portion has one end connected with the intake pipe portion to return blow-by gas from the engine to the intake pipe portion. The return pipe portion has first and second surface sections respectively extending in the range of first and second lengths from the one end of the return pipe portion, the first surface section smoothly and continuously extending, and the second surface section being shorter than the first surface section. The return pipe portion has a curved surface portion enlarged and curved at its downstream side toward the one end of the return pipe portion, and an opening opened at the one end to the intake pipe portion in the form of non-circular shape.

Abstract: An intake pipe of an internal combustion engine includes a main flow passage allowing air introduced into the engine to flow therethrough, an upper branch flow passage branching off from the main flow passage and communicating with #2 cylinder, #4 cylinder, and #6 cylinder, a lower branch flow passage branching off from the main flow passage and communicating with #1 cylinder, #3 cylinder, and #5 cylinder, and a partition wall allowing the upper branch flow passage and the lower branch flow passage to be apart. The partition wall has an end portion that faces the main flow passage. The end portion is formed of a spherical surface. With such a configuration, the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine, which intake pipe provides sufficient improvement in intake efficiency, is provided.

Abstract: An intake pipe structure of an engine comprises: a joint pipe unit constituted by a return pipe portion and an intake pipe portion for introducing air into the engine. The return pipe portion has one end connected with the intake pipe portion to return blow-by gas from the engine to the intake pipe portion. The return pipe portion has first and second surface sections respectively extending in the range of first and second lengths from the one end of the return pipe portion, the first surface section smoothly and continuously extending, and the second surface section being shorter than the first surface section. The return pipe portion has a curved surface portion enlarged and curved at its downstream side toward the one end of the return pipe portion, and an opening opened at the one end to the intake pipe portion in the form of non-circular shape.

Abstract: An intake pipe of an internal combustion engine includes a main flow passage allowing air introduced into the engine to flow therethrough, an upper branch flow passage branching off from the main flow passage and communicating with #2 cylinder, #4 cylinder, and #6 cylinder, a lower branch flow passage branching off from the main flow passage sand communicating with #1 cylinder, #3 cylinder, and #5 cylinder, and a partition wall allowing the upper branch flow passage and the lower branch flow passage to be apart. The partition wall has an end portion that faces the main flow passage. The end portion is formed of a spherical surface. With such a configuration, the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine, which intake pipe provides sufficient improvement in intake efficiency, is provided.

Abstract: #7 cylinder shares an exhaust manifold with #1 cylinder and is fired a predetermined firing interval after #1 cylinder. An exhaust cam shaft has a first cam for driving the exhaust cams of #1 cylinder and a second cam for driving the exhaust cams of #7 cylinder. A valve overlap period of #1 cylinder during its shift from an exhaust stroke to an intake stroke overlaps a time period during which the exhaust valves of the second cylinder are open in #7 cylinder while it is shifting from a power stroke to an exhaust stroke. The nose of the second cam is located farther in a retard direction than a position that is away in the retard direction from the nose of the first cam by an angle corresponding to the predetermined firing interval between the first and second cylinders.

Abstract: #7 cylinder shares an exhaust manifold with #1 cylinder and is fired a predetermined firing interval after #1 cylinder. An exhaust cam shaft has a first cam for driving the exhaust cams of #1 cylinder and a second cam for driving the exhaust cams of #7 cylinder. A valve overlap period of #1 cylinder during its shift from an exhaust stroke to an intake stroke overlaps a time period during which the exhaust valves of the second cylinder are open in #7 cylinder while it is shifting from a power stroke to an exhaust stroke. The nose of the second cam is located farther in a retard direction than a position that is away in the retard direction from the nose of the first cam by an angle corresponding to the predetermined firing interval between the first and second cylinders.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing flow noise which suppresses the noise caused at the time of opening of a throttle valve provided in an intake passage of an internal combustion engine etc. At the downstream side of a pair of clearances formed at the top and bottom when the throttle valve opens, a means is provided acting on the flows of air passing through at least one of the clearances to reduce the flow rate and acting on the flows to cause the point of convergence of the flows of air passing through the pair of clearances to shift to the downstream side.