Abstract: A surface treatment apparatus includes a treatment vessel which contains a treatment solution, a transfer device which transfers a substrate through an interior portion of the treatment vessel in an in-plane direction of the substrate, and a jet device which is positioned in the interior portion of the treatment vessel and jets the treatment solution onto a surface of the substrate such that the surface of the substrate is treated with the treatment solution in the interior portion of the treatment vessel. The jet device has a nozzle hole which jets the treatment solution in a jet direction set parallel or diagonal with respect to the substrate surface.

Abstract: A developing method expediting the development process, eliminates squeezing and achieves both high-speed development and uniform development at a half tone density. The development method employs a liquid developer 50 comprised of charged toner particles dispersed in an electrically insulating liquid. The charged toner particles are made up at least of a coloring agent and a resin. The liquid developer 50 is uniformly deposited on the surface of the developer carrier 51 and an electrical field is impressed for generating a liquid toner layer comprised of the charged toner particles assembled together. A charge carrier 55 on which is formed an electrostatic latent image is contacted under pressure with the developer carrier 51 holding the liquid toner layer comprised of the charged toner particles assembled together in order to effect development.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printing plate comprises a substrate having formed thereon a photoconductive layer comprising (a) a disazo based compound, (b) a perynone based compound, (c) a hole transport material, and (d) an alkali-soluble resin.

Abstract: A photosensitive image-forming material developable with aqueous alkali developers, which is characterized in that the photosensitive resin having the structural units represented by the general formula ##STR1## (wherein A represents a linear polyester structural unit containing in its main chain the dicarboxylic acid unit having a photosensitive, unsaturated double bond adjacent to the aromatic ring, and R.sub.1 represents a tetravalent organic group) is contained in the photosensitive layer.