Abstract: A magnetic balance type current sensor measures a measured current which flows in a feedback coil when electrical conduction is provided by a voltage difference according to an induction magnetic field from the measured current and an equilibrium state is reached in which the induction magnetic field and a cancel magnetic field cancel each other. Sensor elements in a pair are arranged at positions with magnetic field from the measured current. The magnetization direction of the pinned magnetic layer in the magnetoresistive effect element of one sensor element is aligned in a forward direction with respect to the magnetic field formed by the measured current. The magnetization direction of the pinned magnetic layer in the magnetoresistive effect element of the other sensor element is aligned in a reverse direction with respect to the magnetic field formed by the measured current.

Abstract: Magnetoresistive effect elements R1 to R4 are a TMR element or CPP-GMR element. A multilayer film forming the magnetoresistive effect elements is formed to have a width dimension T1 and a length dimension L1 perpendicular to the width dimension T1. The length dimension L1 is longer than the width dimension T1. The width dimension of magnetic field generators of the coil is T2. The multilayer film 31 is positioned within the width dimension T3 of 60% in total of 30% each to the width dimension T2 of the magnetic field generators 3 and 4 of the coil in the direction towards both sides from the center of the width dimension T2 when seen in a plan view.

Abstract: An underwater detection device for detecting underwater by transmission and reception of an ultrasonic signal is provided. The device includes a transmission module for transmitting the ultrasonic signal underwater, a reception module for receiving an echo signal of the transmitted ultrasonic signal, a bottom detection module for detecting a bottom based on the echo signal from the bottom, a bottom-sediment determination module for calculating probabilities of the bottom sediment on how much the bottom sediment contains each of predetermined bottom sediment types based on the echo signal and a bottom-sediment display module for displaying a texture representing each of the bottom sediment types below the bottom being displayed based on the probabilities.

Abstract: A magnetic coupling type isolator includes: a magnetic field generator for generating an external magnetic field by an input signal; a magnetoresistive element for detecting the external magnetic field and converting the detected magnetic field into an electric signal, the magnetoresistive element being electrically insulated from the magnetic field generator and positioned in a location capable of being magnetically coupled so as to be overlapped with the magnetic field generator as seen in a top plan view; first and second shield films overlapped with the magnetic field generator and the magnetoresistive element as seen in a top plan view; and a third shield film disposed to surround the magnetoresistive element.

Abstract: An underwater detection device for detecting underwater by transmission and reception of an ultrasonic signal is provided. The device includes a transmission module for transmitting the ultrasonic signal underwater, a reception module for receiving an echo signal of the transmitted ultrasonic signal, a bottom detection module for detecting a bottom based on the echo signal from the bottom, a bottom-sediment determination module for calculating probabilities of the bottom sediment on how much the bottom sediment contains each of predetermined bottom sediment types based on the echo signal and a bottom-sediment display module for displaying a texture representing each of the bottom sediment types below the bottom being displayed based on the probabilities.

Abstract: A tunneling magnetic sensing element includes a laminate in which a pinned magnetic layer having a magnetization direction pinned, an insulating barrier layer, and a free magnetic layer having a magnetization direction variable with an external magnetic field are laminated in order from below. The insulating barrier layer is made of Mg—O. The free magnetic layer has a soft magnetic layer and an enhanced layer disposed between the soft magnetic layer and the insulating barrier layer to have a spin polarization ratio higher than the soft magnetic layer. An insertion magnetic layer made of one selected from Co—Fe—B, Co—B, Fe—B, and Co—Fe is inserted into the soft magnetic layer in a direction parallel to the interface of each layer constituting the laminate, and the soft magnetic layer is divided into multiple layers in a thickness direction through the insertion magnetic layer.

Abstract: A magnetic-balance-system current sensor includes: a magnetoresistive element, a resistance value of the magnetoresistive element being changed by applying an induction magnetic field generated by a measurement target current; magnetic cores disposed near the magnetoresistive element; a feedback coil disposed near the magnetoresistive element and configured to generate a cancelling magnetic field that cancels out the induction magnetic field; and a magnetic-field detecting bridge circuit having two outputs. The measurement target current is measured on the basis of a current flowing through the feedback coil when the induction magnetic field and the induction magnetic field and the cancelling magnetic field cancel each other out. The feedback coil, the magnetic cores, and the magnetic-field detecting bridge circuit are formed on a same substrate. The feedback coil is of a spiral type, and the magnetic cores are provided above and below the feedback coil.

Abstract: A magnetic balance type current sensor includes a magnetoresistance effect element whose resistance value changes owing to the application of an induction magnetic field from a current to be measured; a feedback coil disposed in the vicinity of the magnetoresistance effect element and generating a cancelling magnetic field cancelling out the induction magnetic field; a magnetic field detection bridge circuit including two outputs causing a voltage difference corresponding to the induction magnetic field to occur; and a magnetic shield attenuating the induction magnetic field and enhancing the cancelling magnetic field, wherein, on the basis of the current flowing through the feedback coil at the time of an equilibrium state in which the induction magnetic field and the cancelling magnetic field are cancelled out, the current to be measured is measured, wherein the feedback coil, the magnetic shield, and the magnetic field detection bridge circuit are formed on a same substrate.

Abstract: A tunneling magnetic sensing element includes: a pinned magnetic layer whose direction of magnetization is pinned in one direction; an insulating barrier layer; and a free magnetic layer whose direction of magnetization changes in response to an external magnetic field. The pinned magnetic layer, the insulating barrier layer and the free magnetic layer are deposited in the named order. A first protective layer composed of a platinum-group element is disposed on the free magnetic layer, and a second protective layer composed of Ti is disposed on the first protective layer.

Abstract: A tunneling magnetic sensing element includes a laminate in which an underlayer, a seed layer, an antiferromagnetic layer, a pinned magnetic layer, an insulating barrier layer, and a free magnetic layer are laminated in order from below. The insulating barrier layer is made of Mg—O. The underlayer is made of Ti, and the seed layer is made of one selected from a group consisting of Ni—Fe—Cr and Ru.

Abstract: A free magnetic layer has a laminated structure in which a first magnetic sublayer composed of Co—Fe or Fe and a second magnetic sublayer composed of Co—Fe—B or Fe—B are formed, in that order, on an insulating barrier layer composed of Mg—O. This effectively improves the rate of change in resistance (?R/R) compared with the related art.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor includes a magnetoresistance effect element and a hard bias layer. The magnetoresistance effect element is configured to have a striped form which has a sensitivity axis in a predetermined direction, and configured to have a structure in which a free magnetic layer, in which magnetization varies with respect to an external magnetic field, a non-magnetic layer, and a fixed magnetic layer, in which the magnetization is fixed, are laminated. The hard bias layer is disposed in a longitudinal direction of the striped form, disposed outside of the magnetoresistance effect element to be separated from the magnetoresistance effect element.

Abstract: A current sensor includes a magnetic detecting element, a bridge circuit including a plurality of resistance elements, and a feedback coil placed adjacent to the magnetic detecting element and generating a cancelling magnetic field for cancelling the induced magnetic field based on the output from the bridge circuit. The wiring patterns forming the bridge circuit are routed so as not to intersect with each other when seen in a plan view. Only the resistance elements constituting each series circuit of the bridge circuit are connected to each other by the wiring pattern in an enclosed area which encloses each resistance element constituting the bridge circuit, and the wiring pattern branched from the wiring pattern is connected to the terminal which is installed in a quantity of only one, outside the enclosed area.

Abstract: A re-transfer printing machine 60 uses an ink film 33 having a sublimation-ink area of sublimation inks Y, M, C and an invisible-ink area of an invisible ink UVS and an intermediate-transfer film 11 having a protecting layer 11c and an ink receptor layer 11d enabling the sublimation inks and the invisible ink to be received. The machine includes an overlap detecting part 76-5 for detecting whether a print image contains an overlapping between a sublimation-ink image 18 and an invisible-ink image 20 and a controller 6 for controlling a transfer operation corresponding to detection by the overlap detecting part. If the overlap detecting part detects that the print image contains the overlapping, the controller allows the machine to transfer the sublimation-ink and invisible-ink images to different areas in the receptor layer. If not, the controller allows the machine to transfer the sublimation-ink and invisible-ink images to an identical area 212 in the receptor layer.

Abstract: An underlying layer is composed of Co—Fe—B that is an amorphous magnetic material. Thus, the upper surface of the underlying layer can be taken as a lower shield layer-side reference position for obtaining a gap length (GL) between upper and lower shields, resulting in a narrower gap than before. In addition, since the underlying layer has an amorphous structure, the underlying layer does not adversely affect the crystalline orientation of individual layers to be formed thereon, and the surface of the underlying layer has good planarizability. Accordingly, PW50 (half-amplitude pulse width) and SN ratio can be improved more than before without causing a decrease in rate of change in resistance (? R/R) or the like, thereby achieving a structure suitable for increasing recording density.

Abstract: Magnetoresistive effect elements R1 to R4 are a TMR element or CPP-GMR element. A multilayer film forming the magnetoresistive effect elements is formed to have a width dimension T1 and a length dimension L1 perpendicular to the width dimension T1. The length dimension L1 is longer than the width dimension T1. The width dimension of magnetic field generators of the coil is T2. The multilayer film 31 is positioned within the width dimension T3 of 60% in total of 30% each to the width dimension T2 of the magnetic field generators 3 and 4 of the coil in the direction towards both sides from the center of the width dimension T2 when seen in a plan view.

Abstract: In a tunneling magnetoresistive element, an insulating barrier layer is made of Mg—O, and a first pinned magnetic layer has a laminated structure in which a nonmagnetic metal sublayer made of Ta is interposed between a lower ferromagnetic sublayer and an upper ferromagnetic sublayer. The nonmagnetic metal sublayer has an average thickness of about 1 ? or more and about 5 ? or less.

Abstract: A tunnel magnetoresistive sensor includes a pinned magnetic layer, an insulating barrier layer formed of Mg—O, and a free magnetic layer. A barrier-layer-side magnetic sublayer constituting at least part of the pinned magnetic layer and being in contact with the insulating barrier layer includes a first magnetic region formed of CoFeB or FeB and a second magnetic region formed of CoFe or Fe. The second magnetic region is disposed between the first magnetic region and the insulating barrier layer.

Abstract: A magnetic balance type current sensor measures a measured current which flows in a feedback coil when electrical conduction is provided by a voltage difference according to an induction magnetic field from the measured current and an equilibrium state is reached in which the induction magnetic field and a cancel magnetic field cancel each other. Sensor elements in a pair are arranged at positions with magnetic field from the measured current. The magnetization direction of the pinned magnetic layer in the magnetoresistive effect element of one sensor element is aligned in a forward direction with respect to the magnetic field formed by the measured current. The magnetization direction of the pinned magnetic layer in the magnetoresistive effect element of the other sensor element is aligned in a reverse direction with respect to the magnetic field formed by the measured current.

Abstract: An underwater detection device for detecting underwater by transmission and reception of an ultrasonic signal is provided. The device includes a transmission module for transmitting the ultrasonic signal underwater, a reception module for receiving an echo signal of the transmitted ultrasonic signal, a bottom detection module for detecting a bottom based on the echo signal from the bottom, a bottom-sediment determination module for calculating probabilities of the bottom sediment on how much the bottom sediment contains each of predetermined bottom sediment types based on the echo signal and a bottom-sediment display module for displaying a texture representing each of the bottom sediment types below the bottom being displayed based on the probabilities.