Abstract: A water-using apparatus includes a water-feeding unit configured to feed water, a water-treating unit connected to the water-feeding unit by a pipe and being configured to perform a function in which ionic substances contained in water fed from the water-feeding unit are removed by an electrical deionization unit, a water-using unit connected to the water-treating unit by a pipe and configured to use water having flowed through the water-treating unit, a drainpipe through which water with increased concentration of ionic substances removed by the water-treating unit is drained, and a controller configured to control a passage for water fed from the water-feeding unit and to cause water with increased concentration of ionic substances to be drained through the drainpipe.

Abstract: An ion removal apparatus according to this disclosure performs a desalination treatment on a liquid and includes: a first electrode guide having an inlet allowing the liquid to flow in, a first electrode holder holding a first electrode that adsorbs an ion in the liquid, and an inflow passage serving as a flow passage connecting the inlet and the first electrode holder to one another; and a second electrode guide having an outlet allowing the liquid to flow out, a second electrode holder allowing the liquid passing through the first electrode holder to flow in and holding a second electrode that adsorbs the ion in the liquid, and an outflow passage serving as a flow passage connecting the outlet and the second electrode holder to one another.

Abstract: There is provided a shift device including: a shift body configured to be moved by being pivoted or slid to change a shift position; and a locking mechanism provided with a lock member, the lock member being displaced from one side of a movement direction of the shift body to lock movement of the shift body from a predetermined shift position toward both sides in the movement direction.

Abstract: There is provided a shift device including: a shift body configured to be moved to change a shift position; a first locking mechanism provided with a first lock member, the first lock member being disposed at a first locking position to lock movement of the shift body from a first shift position; and a second locking mechanism provided with a second lock member, the second lock member being disposed at a second locking position to lock movement of the shift body from a second shift position.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element comprising a hole blocking layer capable of achieving a lower driving voltage. The invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element comprising: an anode, a cathode, a first luminescent layer formed by a wet film forming method, and a second luminescent layer formed by a vacuum evaporation method, wherein the first luminescent layer contains a phosphorescent material of a low-molecular-weight compound and a first charge transporting material, and the second luminescent layer contains a fluorescent material of a low-molecular-weight compound and a second charge transporting material, and the hole blocking layer, which is adjacent to the cathode side of the second luminescent layer, contains a specific compound.

Abstract: A multilayer-type optical recording medium having a translucent recording/reproducing functional layer containing a first protective layer, a second protective layer, a recording layer, a third protective layer, a reflective layer and a fourth protective layer in this order relative to incident laser light. The second protective layer and the fourth protective layer are made of the same kind of material. The refractive index of the second protective layer is higher by at least 0.3 than the refractive index of the first protective layer. When the film thickness of the second protective layer is set as D2, the film thickness of the fourth protective layer is set as D4, and the reflectivity before recording when the laser light is focused on the recording layer is set as R, the derivatives d(R)/d(D2) and d(R)/d(D4) have opposite signs from each other.

Abstract: A multilayer-type optical recording medium having a translucent recording/reproducing functional layer containing a first protective layer, a second protective layer, a recording layer, a third protective layer, a reflective layer and a fourth protective layer in this order relative to incident laser light. The second protective layer and the fourth protective layer are made of the same kind of material. The refractive index of the second protective layer is higher by at least 0.3 than the refractive index of the first protective layer. When the film thickness of the second protective layer is set as D2, the film thickness of the fourth protective layer is set as D4, and the reflectivity before recording when the laser light is focused on the recording layer is set as R, the derivatives d(R)/d(D2) and d(R)/d(D4) have opposite signs from each other.

Abstract: An electronic engine control apparatus includes a first storage unit, a second storage unit, a third storage unit, and a processor. The processor performs, when the control apparatus is activated, an initialization control process which includes processes of; extracting from the first storage unit specific information on engine control software stored in the first storage unit; determining whether the specific information extracted is coincident with specific information stored in the third storage unit; initializing retention data stored in the second storage unit when the specific information extracted from the first storage unit is determined as being incoincident with that stored in the third storage unit; and updating the specific information stored in the third storage unit with that extracted from the first storage unit after completion of the initializing process.

Abstract: A control apparatus is disclosed which controls both a fuel injection system and an exhaust gas cleaning system for an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection system includes at least one fuel injector for injecting fuel from a fuel source into a cylinder of the engine. The exhaust gas cleaning system includes a fuel adding device for adding fuel from the fuel source to the exhaust gas from the engine. The control apparatus includes determining means and stopping means. The determining means determines whether operation of the fuel adding device for adding the fuel to the exhaust gas interferes with control by the control apparatus of the fuel injection system. The stopping means stops the operation of the fuel adding device when it is determined by the determining means that the operation of the fuel adding device interferes with the control by the control apparatus of the fuel injection system.

Abstract: An engine controller for a vehicle equipped with an emission reduction apparatus determines whether the emission reduction apparatus has malfunction. When it is determined that the emission reduction apparatus has malfunction an execution of an idle shutdown control process is permitted. When a predetermined condition is established during an engine idling, the engine is automatically shut down. On the other hand, when it is determined that the emission reduction apparatus has no malfunction, the execution of the idle shutdown control process is prohibited.

Abstract: In a single-sided incident type optical recording medium having a plurality of dye containing recording layers, sufficient reflectance and excellent recording characteristics necessary to record or read information in or from a dye containing recording layer positioning farther from a side from which a light beam comes in can be obtained. The optical recording medium has a first substrate (21) having a guide groove, a first dye containing recording layer (22), a semitransparent reflective layer (23), an intermediate layer (24), a second dye containing recording layer (25), a reflective layer (26) and a second substrate (27) having a guide groove. Information is recorded or read in or from the first dye containing recording layer (22) and the second dye containing recording layer (25) by irradiating the light beam from the first substrate's side. The depth of the guide groove on the second substrate is within a range from 1/100×? to ?×? where ? represents the recording/reading wavelength.

Abstract: In an optical recording medium of a single-sided incident type having a plurality of recording layers, recording/reading conditions (for example, tracking polarity, recording pulse strategy, recording recommended power, etc.) can be instantaneously switched according to each of the recording layer, and recording or reading of information can be accurately and surely performed under recording/reading conditions adapted to each recording layer. A control unit reads out layer information from one recording layer of the optical recording medium in which the layer information is recorded in each of the plural layers, on which recording or reading of information can be performed by irradiating a laser beam from one side thereof (layer information reading step), and controls so that recording or reading is performed under recording/reading conditions adapted to a recording layer specified on the basis of the layer information (recording controlling step).

Abstract: The invention provides an azo metal chelate dye suitable for use in a recording layer of an optical recording medium capable of high-speed recording or an optical recording medium having plural recording layers, and an optical recording medium. The azo metal chelate dye comprises an azo dye compound represented by the general formula (1) and Zn2+: (wherein R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group that may be substituted, or a cycloalkyl group that may be substituted; Y represents a linear or branched alkyl group substituted with at least two fluorine atoms; R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group that may be substituted, and R3 and R4, R4 and R5, or R5 and R6 may be bonded with each other to form a ring; and a proton is released from the compound of formula (1) to form the chelate dye together with Zn2+).

Abstract: In a single-sided incident type optical recording medium having a plurality of dye containing recording layers, sufficient reflectance and excellent recording characteristics necessary to record or read information in or from a dye containing recording layer positioning farther from a side from which a light beam comes in can be obtained. The optical recording medium has a first substrate (21) having a guide groove, a first dye containing recording layer (22), a semitransparent reflective layer (23), an intermediate layer (24), a second dye containing recording layer (25), a reflective layer (26) and a second substrate (27) having a guide groove. Information is recorded or read in or from the first dye containing recording layer (22) and the second dye containing recording layer (25) by irradiating the light beam from the first substrate's side. The depth of the guide groove on the second substrate is within a range from 1/100 ×? to 1/6 ×? where ? represents the recording/reading wavelength.

Abstract: The invention provides an azo metal chelate dye suitable for use in a recording layer of an optical recording medium capable of high-speed recording or an optical recording medium having plural recording layers, and an optical recording medium.

Abstract: A control apparatus is disclosed which controls both a fuel injection system and an exhaust gas cleaning system for an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection system includes at least one fuel injector for injecting fuel from a fuel source into a cylinder of the engine. The exhaust gas cleaning system includes a fuel adding device for adding fuel from the fuel source to the exhaust gas from the engine. The control apparatus includes determining means and stopping means. The determining means determines whether operation of the fuel adding device for adding the fuel to the exhaust gas interferes with control by the control apparatus of the fuel injection system. The stopping means stops the operation of the fuel adding device when it is determined by the determining means that the operation of the fuel adding device interferes with the control by the control apparatus of the fuel injection system.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification control apparatus for an internal combustion engine instructs an exhaust fuel valve to inject additive fuel when a diesel particulate filter is to be regenerated, and determines that both the exhaust fuel valve and an oxidation catalyst are normal if an exhaust temperature rises. If the exhaust temperature does not rise, the control apparatus instructs an engine fuel valve to inject additive fuel as a post-injection. If the exhaust temperature does not rise, the control apparatus determines that the oxidation catalyst is abnormal. If the exhaust temperature rises, the control apparatus determines that the oxidation catalyst is normal but the exhaust fuel valve is abnormal.

Abstract: In a single-sided incident type optical recording medium having a plurality of dye containing recording layers, sufficient reflectance and excellent recording characteristics necessary to record or read information in or from a dye containing recording layer positioning farther from a side from which a light beam comes in can be obtained. The optical recording medium has a first substrate (21) having a guide groove, a first dye containing recording layer (22), a semitransparent reflective layer (23), an intermediate layer (24), a second dye containing recording layer (25), a reflective layer (26) and a second substrate (27) having a guide groove. Information is recorded or read in or from the first dye containing recording layer (22) and the second dye containing recording layer (25) by irradiating the light beam from the first substrate's side. The depth of the guide groove on the second substrate is within a range from 1/100×? to ?×? where ? represents the recording/reading wavelength.

Abstract: An engine controller for a vehicle equipped with an emission reduction apparatus determines whether the emission reduction apparatus has malfunction. When it is determined that the emission reduction apparatus has malfunction an execution of an idle shutdown control process is permitted. When a predetermined condition is established during an engine idling, the engine is automatically shut down. On the other hand, when it is determined that the emission reduction apparatus has no malfunction, the execution of the idle shutdown control process is prohibited.

Abstract: An electronic engine control apparatus includes a first storage means, a second storage means, a third storage means, and a processor. The processor performs, when the control apparatus is activated, an initialization control process which includes processes of: extracting from the first storage means specific information on engine control software stored in the first storage means; determining whether the specific information extracted is coincident with specific information stored in the third storage means; initializing retention data stored in the second storage means when the specific information extracted from the first storage means is determined as being incoincident with that stored in the third storage means; and updating the specific information stored in the third storage means with that extracted from the first storage means after completion of the initializing process.