Abstract: When an input section is actuated by a user, a character is inputted, and a storage section stores therein the inputted character. On this occasion, when the inputted character is a vowel character, a control section causes the storage section to store therein the inputted vowel character and an intonation associated therewith. In a case where a vowel character identical to the inputted vowel character is successively inputted by the input section, the control section causes the storage section to store therein the vowel character and the initial intonation in association with each other, for a first input. At second and subsequent inputs, the control section does not cause the storage section to store therein the identical vowel character anew, but it alters only the intonation associated with the vowel character which has been already stored in the storage section.

Abstract: It is determined whether an engine operating state is within a specified operating range. When the engine operating state is within the specified operating range, the air-fuel ratio of an i-th cylinder is estimated based on the detection value of the air-fuel ratio sensor, and a cylinder deviation, which is the deviation of an estimated air-fuel ratio from a reference air-fuel ratio, is computed. When this cylinder deviation becomes larger than a specified determination value, the processing of incrementing the count value of an abnormality counter is started at a point in time when a specified delay time elapses after the cylinder deviation becomes larger than the specified determination value. At a point in time when the count value of the abnormality counter becomes larger than a specified abnormality determination value, it is determined that the air-fuel ratio of the i-th cylinder is abnormal.

Abstract: It is determined whether an engine operating state is within a specified operating range. When the engine operating state is within the specified operating range, the air-fuel ratio of an i-th cylinder is estimated based on the detection value of the air-fuel ratio sensor, and a cylinder deviation, which is the deviation of an estimated air-fuel ratio from a reference air-fuel ratio, is computed. When this cylinder deviation becomes larger than a specified determination value, the processing of incrementing the count value of an abnormality counter is started at a point in time when a specified delay time elapses after the cylinder deviation becomes larger than the specified determination value. At a point in time when the count value of the abnormality counter becomes larger than a specified abnormality determination value, it is determined that the air-fuel ratio of the i-th cylinder is abnormal.

Abstract: A fuel vapor treatment system includes a three-position valve for switching between a first measuring state and a second measuring state, and a pressure sensor for measuring pressure produced by a restriction in a measurement line. In the first measuring state, air flows through the measurement line. In the second measuring state, air-fuel mixture flows through the measurement line. The behavior of change in a first pressure in the first measuring state and the behavior of change in a second pressure in the second measuring state are measured. When that the behaviors of change in the first and second pressures are substantially identical to each other, it is determined that an abnormality occurs in an operation of switching the three-position valve.

Abstract: A fuel vapor treatment system includes a three-position valve for switching between a first measuring state and a second measuring state, and a pressure sensor for measuring pressure produced by a restriction in a measurement line. In the first measuring state, air flows through the measurement line. In the second measuring state, air-fuel mixture flows through the measurement line. The behavior of change in a first pressure in the first measuring state and the behavior of change in a second pressure in the second measuring state are measured. When that the behaviors of change in the first and second pressures are substantially identical to each other, it is determined that an abnormality occurs in an operation of switching the three-position valve.

Abstract: When an input section is actuated by a user, a character is inputted, and a storage section stores therein the inputted character. On this occasion, when the inputted character is a vowel character, a control section causes the storage section to store therein the inputted vowel character and an intonation associated therewith. In a case where a vowel character identical to the inputted vowel character is successively inputted by the input section, the control section causes the storage section to store therein the vowel character and the initial intonation in association with each other, for a first input. At second and subsequent inputs, the control section does not cause the storage section to store therein the identical vowel character anew, but it alters only the intonation associated with the vowel character which has been already stored in the storage section.

Abstract: Cationic thickener prepared by polymerizing a monomer composition comprising 15 to 85% by weight of at least one of acrylic monomer having an amino group and methacrylic monomer having an amino group, 20 to 80% by weight of vinyl monomer, 1 to 20% by weight of monomer having at least one of acryloyl group and methacryloyl group and 0.1 to 20% by weight of crosslinkable vinyl monomer, and a process for preparing the same. This cationic thickener contains little impurities, and can be easily mixed with a cationic polymer for setting, and forms a flexible film after drying.

Abstract: Cosmetic composition comprising cationic thickener prepared in a nonaqueous system in the absence of a surface active agent by polymerizing monomer composition containing 15 to 90% by weight of at least one of acrylic monomer having amino group and methacrylic monomer having amino group, 0 to 80% by weight of vinyl monomer, 1 to 60% by weight of monomer having at least one of acryloyl group and methacryloyl group and 0.1 to 25% by weight of crosslinkable vinyl monomer. This cosmetic composition imparts refreshing feeling and little skin irritation and can be suitably used as hair cream, hair lotion and the like.

Abstract: The invention provides a calculator wherein it is possible to start an operation on the basis of an inputted formula and successively know the progress processes of operation until an operation result is obtained. An inputted formula edited on the basis of the data inputted from a keyboard is once displayed and the calculator is placed in the state of waiting for key entry. Then, when a Enter key is pressed down, only the operator codes selected among plural operator codes in the inputted formula in accordance with the priority order of operation are processed and a process formula as the result of the processing is displayed. Thereafter, every time the Enter key is pressed down, the operation is executed in accordance with the priority order and the process formulas obtained in the respective operations are successively displayed.

Abstract: A throttle full-closure detecting apparatus for judging the full-closure state of a throttle valve uses the minimum value of a throttle sensor voltage so that the apparatus output is compensated for, in particular, a change in temperature. In a timer routine in the apparatus, first, the throttle sensor output is AD-converted and the thus AD-converted output is stored into a RAM and a general purpose register Ar. Next, a full-closure angle is stored in a compare register Cr and the contents of Ar and Cr are compared with each other so that when Cr>Ar, the AD-converted throttle value is stored as a full-closure angle and first storage updating is performed with the minimum throttle opening as the angle. Further, second updating for adding a specified value to the stored value of the full-closure angle is performed at a period sufficiently larger than the period of the time routine, and the first updating is made ready after the second updating.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an abnormality of a fuel transpiration prevention system which includes a canister with an absorbing device and a control valve provided in a passage between a fuel tank and an intake pipe of an internal combustion engine so that a fuel gas generated within the fuel tank is absorbed by the absorbing device of the canister and introduced into the intake pipe by opening and closing the control valve in accordance with an operating state of said internal combustion engine. The apparatus includes a pressure detecting device for detecting a pressure within the fuel tank and a deviation calculating unit responsive to the output of the pressure detecting device for calculating a deviation between the pressure detected when the control valve opens the passage and the pressure detected when the control valve closes the passage. The apparatus decides an abnormality of the fuel gas supply system on the basis of the deviation calculated by the deviation calculating unit.

Abstract: In a hand held processing apparatus, there is a central processing unit (CPU) arranged to include a calculating mode for performing calculations and a memorandum pad mode for storing data and for reading the stored data in response to the operation of a reading key. The CPU can be changed to the memory pad mode by the operation of a reading key, so that the reading of the data of the memorandum is started with an easy operation.

Abstract: In a data processing device of the handy type having a central processing unit (CPU) arranged to include a calculating mode for performing calculation and a memorandum pad mode for storing data and for reading the stored data in response to the operation of a reading key, the CPU can be changed to the memorandum pad mode by a operation of a reading key so that reading of the data of the memorandum is started with easy operation.

Abstract: A reel for a chain or the like comprises a core portion adapted to have a chain wound around it and a pair of flange portions arranged at opposite ends of the core portion for retaining the chain on the core portion. The core and flange portions are constituted by a plurality of bent rods bonded together. Each of the bent rods comprises a central portion forming part of the core of the reel and a pair of side portions at its opposite ends forming parts of the chain-retaining flanges of the reel. The reel is inexpensive to manufacture, and can be dipped in rust-preventive fluid along with the chain, thereby eliminating the necessity of winding a chain onto a special reel for rust treatment and then rewinding the chain onto another reel for storage or shipment.