Abstract: An electrostatic spray device that maintains a consistent charge-to-mass ratio in order to maintain a consistent target spray quality is disclosed. During steady state conditions, the high voltage power supply adjusts the output voltage level in response to changing environmental and/or operating conditions. During transient conditions such as start-up, shut-down and changing flow rate conditions, the high voltage power supply ensures that the charge-to-mass ratio is maintained. During, start-up, for example, the high voltage power supply charges the high voltage electrode to a predetermined voltage level before the product is delivered to the charging location. During shut-down, the product delivery is stopped before the high voltage power supply shuts off power to the high voltage electrode, and during changes in product flow rate, the voltage level of the high voltage electrode is adjusted to maintain a consistent charge-to-mass ratio.

Abstract: An electrostatic spray device and a cartridge for an electrostatic spray device that reduce the occurrence of electrically induced emulsion product separation are disclosed. The device and/or the cartridge may reduce electrically induced emulsion product separation by providing a conductive high voltage shield substantially around the product reservoir. Alternatively, the device and/or the cartridge may prevent the product located at the charging location from being in fluid communication with the product reservoir so that the product that is being charged cannot flow back into the product reservoir. The device and/or cartridge may alternatively reduce electrically induced emulsion product separation by minimizing the volume of product between the charging location and the exit orifice of the nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrostatic spraying device to electrostatically charge and dispense a product from a reservoir to a point of dispersal that includes a nozzle having an exit orifice and being disposed at the point of dispersal to disperse the product. A channel is included that permits the electrostatic charging of product. A positive displacement mechanism is used to move the product from the reservoir to the nozzle. A power source supplies an electrical charge. A portion of a high voltage electrode being disposed between the reservoir and the nozzle is used to electrostatically charge product within the channel at a charging location. A distance between the charging location and the nozzle exit orifice is governed by Vo/d<100,000, wherein Vo=an output voltage of said high voltage power supply and d=linear distance between the charging location and said nozzle exit orifice.

Abstract: An electrostatic spray device and a cartridge for an electrostatic spray device that reduce the occurrence of electrically induced emulsion product separation are disclosed. The device and/or the cartridge may reduce electrically induced emulsion product separation by providing a conductive high voltage shield substantially around the product reservoir. Alternatively, the device and/or the cartridge may prevent the product located at the charging location from being in fluid communication with the product reservoir so that the product that is being charged cannot flow back into the product reservoir. The device and/or cartridge may alternatively reduce electrically induced emulsion product separation by minimizing the volume of product between the charging location and the exit orifice of the nozzle.

Abstract: An electrostatic spray device that maintains a consistent charge-to-mass ratio in order to maintain a consistent target spray quality is disclosed. During steady state conditions, the high voltage power supply adjusts the output voltage level in response to changing environmental and/or operating conditions. During transient conditions such as start-up, shut-down and changing flow rate conditions, the high voltage power supply ensures that the charge-to-mass ratio is maintained. During, start-up, for example, the high voltage power supply charges the high voltage electrode to a predetermined voltage level before the product is delivered to the charging location. During shut-down, the product delivery is stopped before the high voltage power supply shuts off power to the high voltage electrode, and during changes in product flow rate, the voltage level of the high voltage electrode is adjusted to maintain a consistent charge-to-mass ratio.

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device which is configured and disposed to electrostatically charge and dispense a product from a supply to a point of dispersal. The electrostatic spraying device has a reservoir configured to contain the supply of product and a nozzle to disperse the product. The nozzle being disposed at the point of dispersal. The nozzle has an exit orifice. A channel is disposed between the reservoir and the nozzle, wherein the channel permits the electrostatic charging of the product upon the product moving within the channel. A positive displacement mechanism is used to move the product from the reservoir to the nozzle. A power source supplies an electrical charge. A high voltage power supply, high voltage contact, and high voltage electrode are used. A portion of the high voltage electrode being disposed between the reservoir and the nozzle is used to electrostatically charge the product within the channel at a charging location.

Abstract: An improved fluorescent x-ray instrument includes an x-ray tube for generating x-rays, with a control grid regulating the production of x-rays. An operator can set the voltage to be applied to the control grid, and a feedback system will set a desired voltage to the control grid. An operator will be provided an output signal representative of the monitor control grid voltage to enable the operator to determine the operative status of the x-ray tube.

Abstract: An X-ray analyzer capable of reducing the effects of a shift of peak positions in an energy spectrum resulting from a change in temperature and a lapse of time in an X-ray detector to enable a highly accurate analysis.A shift of peak positions of X-rays from known positions are detected and a voltage applied to a proportional counter is controlled on the basis of the detected results. In addition, a gain in an amplifier amplifying an output from the X-ray detector may be controlled on the basis of the detected results.

Abstract: An analog/digital converter includes a peak holding circuit for holding a peak voltage of input analog data and a peak time detecting circuit for detecting a point of time when the input analog data reaches a peak voltage. Also included is a constant current discharging circuit for discharging the peak voltage held in the peak holding circuit at a constant current from the peak point of time detected by the peak time detecting circuit. The converter also includes a zero time detecting circuit for detecting a zero point of time when a voltage held in the peak holding circuit is reduced to zero and a time to digital converting circuit for counting a number of pulses in a pulse line obtained by gating clock pulses during a period of time from the peak time detected by the peak detecting circuit to the zero time detected by the zero time detecting circuit, the time to digital converting including a counter to output digital data corresponding to the input analog data.

Abstract: A method of correcting a dead time in an analog/digital converter or a linear amplifier in which a time, which is obtained by adding a time, from a predetermined level to a peak of an output generated by a slow amplifier after an input of a pulse signal from a first amplifier, to a time required for treating an output signal from said slow amplifier, is used as a dead time to reduce a correcting error.

Abstract: A sample cell useful in fluorescent X-ray analytical devices is provided herein, which cell is composed of an inner frame; an inner frame cover and a radiation-permeable sheet which houses the sample to be analyzed and an outer frame which covers the sample. The inner frame cover which is formed by bending a soft plastic film and the radiation-permeable sheet are such that they may be discarded after each analysis whereas the inner frame and the outer frame are used for reinforcement and sealing up of the sample and are never contaminated with the sample to be analyzed. Since the inner frame cover and the X-ray permeable sheet are the only members of the sample cell which contact the sample to be analyzed, these portions have been made from inexpensive disposable materials so that they can be discarded after each X-ray analysis, thereby eliminating the need to wash the sample cell after each analysis.