Abstract: The present disclosure provides, for example, a method that can produce a fluorolactone compound from hexafluoropropylene oxide or the like in a single step.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by formula (1) and a compound represented, for example, by formula (11-1), the formula (1) being: wherein M101 is P or P?O; R101 is a group such as a C1-C11 alkylsilyloxy group; n101 is an oxidation number of M101 minus 1 or an oxidation number of M101 minus 3; and R102 to R104 are each individually a group such as a C1-C11 alkyl group; the formula (11-1) being: wherein R111 and R112 are the same as or different from each other and are each an atom or group such as a hydrogen atom; and R113 is a group such as an alkyl group free from a fluorine atom.

Abstract: A line detector apparatus and method on a vehicle for detecting a line on a road with a higher degree of accuracy. The vehicle includes front, right-side and left-side image capturing sensors mounted on a vehicle and respectively capture an image, including a road surface, at the front and right and left sides of the vehicle to respectively generate front, right-side and left-side images. The line detector includes a processor that calculates a line on a road as a first line from the front image, the line on the road as a second line from the right-side image, and the line on the road as a third line from the left-side image. The processor selects one of multiple mutually-different algorithms based on the first to third lines, and calculates the line on the road based on the first to third lines by using the selected algorithm.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: A method for producing a cyclic carbonate represented by the following formula (1): wherein X1 and X2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a monovalent organic group; and R is an organic group containing one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds. The method includes reacting an unsaturated cyclic carbonate represented by the following formula (A): wherein X1 and X2 are defined as described above, and an alcohol represented by the formula (B): R—OH, wherein R is defined as described above, or an alkoxide thereof in the presence of a base, or reacting the unsaturated cyclic carbonate and the alkoxide. Also disclosed is a method for producing a cyclic carbonate.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor has a planar ceramic housing having a recess, a MEA, first and second electrically conductive gas diffusion membranes, and a metal lid fixed on the housing so as to cover the recess. The MEA is provided with an ionic conductive membrane, a first electrode on a surface of the membrane, and a second electrode on the opposite surface of the membrane. The first electrically conductive gas diffusion membrane is electrically connected to the first electrical connection. The second electrically conductive gas diffusion membrane is electrically connected to the second electrical connection. The lid presses the second electrically conductive gas diffusion membrane toward the MEA, and in the lid or in the bottom of the housing, a gas inlet is provided. The electrochemical gas sensor is easily made compact, small in the variations in the performances, and easily installed on a print circuit board.

Abstract: A method for producing a lithium sulfamate which includes (1) reacting a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): wherein X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, with a compound (2) represented by the following formula (2): wherein R1 and R2 are each individually —H or a substituent as defined herein, the substituent optionally containing at least one bi- to hexavalent heteroatom in the structure and being a substituent in which at least one hydrogen atom is optionally replaced with a fluorine atom or a C0-C7 functional group, to obtain a compound (3) represented by the following formula (3): wherein R1 and R2 are defined as above.

Abstract: This invention provides a composition that contains PFOB with a PFOA content lower than that of known PFOB, and that is less likely to have an adverse effect on the environment; and provides a method for producing PFOB. The composition contains C8F17Brand further contains C7F15COOH, wherein C7F15COOH is present in a concentration of 25 ppb or less based on the total weight of C8F17Br. The method for producing C8F17Br comprises reacting C8F17I and a brominating agent to obtain C8F17Br, and alkali-washing the obtained C8F17Br to reduce the C7F15COOH content to 25 ppb or less based on the total weight of C8F17Br.

Abstract: A method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate which includes reacting XSO3H, wherein X is a leaving group other than fluorine, with a lithium source and a fluorine source. Also disclosed is a composition containing XSO3H.

Abstract: The output of the electrochemical gas sensor is amplified, and the ambient temperature is measured by means of a temperature sensor. When the ambient temperature is above or equal to a predetermined temperature, a standard value is generated and stored and is increased when the output of the amplification circuit is larger than the standard value, and a gas is detected according to the difference between the output of said amplification circuit and the standard value.

Abstract: This invention provides a composition that contains PFOB with a PFOA content lower than that of known PFOB, and that is less likely to have an adverse effect on the environment; and provides a method for producing PFOB. The composition contains C8F17Brand further contains C7F15COOH, wherein C7F15COOH is present in a concentration of 25 ppb or less based on the total weight of C8F17Br. The method for producing C8F17Br comprises reacting C8F17I and a brominating agent to obtain C8F17Br, and alkali-washing the obtained C8F17Br to reduce the C7F15COOH content to 25 ppb or less based on the total weight of C8F17Br.

Abstract: There are provided an object recognition apparatus that raises the recognition accuracy for a surrounding object and a vehicle control apparatus, and an object recognition method and a vehicle control method. An object recognition apparatus receives object data, which is a state value of the object, from a first sensor for detecting a surrounding object; compares estimation data obtained through estimation of a state value of the object, based on recognition data calculated in a past period, with the object data, and determines whether or not the object data is data in a low-resolution state; then, in accordance with the determination result, calculates the state value of the object by use of object data and estimation data and then generates the state value as recognition data, so that the recognition accuracy for an object is raised.

Abstract: A line detector apparatus and method on a vehicle for detecting a line on a road with a higher degree of accuracy. The vehicle includes front, right-side and left-side image capturing sensors mounted on a vehicle and respectively capture an image, including a road surface, at the front and right and left sides of the vehicle to respectively generate front, right-side and left-side images. The line detector includes a processor that calculates a line on a road as a first line from the front image, the line on the road as a second line from the right-side image, and the line on the road as a third line from the left-side image. The processor selects one of multiple mutually-different algorithms based on the first to third lines, and calculates the line on the road based on the first to third lines by using the selected algorithm.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor has a planar ceramic housing having a recess, a MEA, first and second electrically conductive gas diffusion membranes, and a metal lid fixed on the housing so as to cover the recess. The MEA is provided with an ionic conductive membrane, a first electrode on a surface of the membrane, and a second electrode on the opposite surface of the membrane. The first electrically conductive gas diffusion membrane is electrically connected to the first electrical connection. The second electrically conductive gas diffusion membrane is electrically connected to the second electrical connection. The lid presses the second electrically conductive gas diffusion membrane toward the MEA, and in the lid or in the bottom of the housing, a gas inlet is provided. The electrochemical gas sensor is easily made compact, small in the variations in the performances, and easily installed on a print circuit board.

Abstract: The output of the electrochemical gas sensor is amplified, and the ambient temperature is measured by means of a temperature sensor. When the ambient temperature is above or equal to a predetermined temperature, a standard value is generated and stored and is increased when the output of the amplification circuit is larger than the standard value, and a gas is detected according to the difference between the output of said amplification circuit and the standard value.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost and safe approach to efficient delivery of a substance to phagocytes. In particular, the present invention relates to a carrier for delivery of a substance to phagocytes, the carrier comprising a lactic acid bacterium and/or an extract thereof.

Abstract: A shape forming system according to one embodiment includes a mold assemblies; a heating unit; a pressing unit; a cooling unit; an isolation chamber configured to accommodate therein the heating unit, the pressing unit, and the cooling unit arranged in parallel with each other; and a conveyance unit configured to move the plurality of mold assemblies each of which is arranged on a plate provided in each of the heating unit, the pressing unit, and the cooling unit to thereby convey the mold assemblies in sequence.

Abstract: A glow plug including a heater (200) having a rear heat-generating element (260) formed of a resistance heat-generating element, and provided in an axial region thereof between a forward end (136) of a housing and a rear end (315) of a displacement member (300) located rearward of the forward end (136). The heat-generating element (260) is arranged separately from a forward heat-generating element (205) provided at a forward end portion of the heater.

Abstract: A composition comprising (a) and (b), and a food or drink or a medicine comprising the composition, wherein (a) is at least a kind of polyphenols selected from the group consisting of a polyphenol containing 15 mass % or more of proanthocyanidin having a polymerization degree of 1 to 3, hesperidin, a hesperidin derivative, and hesperetin; and (b) is at least a kind of xanthine derivatives, the mass ratio of (a):(b) in the composition being 1:(0.001 to 5), are useful for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of metabolic syndrome, disorders of lipid metabolism (for example, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia), obesity (for example, visceral fat accumulation, subcutaneous fat accumulation), or the like.

Abstract: A shape forming system according to one embodiment includes a mold assemblies; a heating unit; a pressing unit; a cooling unit; an isolation chamber configured to accommodate therein the heating unit, the pressing unit, and the cooling unit arranged in parallel with each other; and a conveyance unit configured to move the plurality of mold assemblies each of which is arranged on a plate provided in each of the heating unit, the pressing unit, and the cooling unit to thereby convey the mold assemblies in sequence.