Abstract: A medicament for the therapeutic treatment of diabetes which comprises as an active ingredient a compound represented by the general formula (I): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group, R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group, R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, X1 and X2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and the symbol “n” represents an integer of from 0 to 3, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A negative radiation-sensitive resin composition including (A) an alkali-soluble resin containing a copolymer selected from the group consisting of a hydroxystyrene/styrene copolymer having hydroxystyrene units in a content of from 65 to 90 mol % and a hydroxystyrene/&agr;-methylstyrene copolymer having hydroxystyrene units in a content of from 65 to 90 mol %, (B) a radiation-sensitive acid-generating agent containing a hydroxyl group-containing onium salt compound, and (C) a cross-linking agent containing an N-(alkoxymethyl)glycoluril compound. The composition is suitable as a chemically amplified negative resist, to which alkaline developing solutions having usual concentration are applicable and which can form, in usual line-and-space patterns, resist patterns having a rectangular cross-sectional shape in a high resolution and also has superior sensitivity, developability and dimensional fidelity.

Abstract: An ink jet printing apparatus includes an ink jet head having a plurality of nozzles for respectively ejecting ink drops, a plurality of ink chambers communicating with the nozzles, and a plurality of electromechanical conversion elements corresponding to the respective nozzles. The volume of the ink chamber of the non-drive channel is increased by the influence of the drive channel adjacent thereto, and thereby undesired ejection of the ink drop occurs. To solve this problem, a drive energy set for ejecting the ink drop is applied to the piezoelectric elements of the drive chambers n−1, n+1 and a reduced drive energy set for not ejecting the ink drops is applied to the piezoelectric element of the non-drive channel n.

Abstract: A negative radiation-sensitive resin composition including (A) an alkali-soluble resin containing a copolymer selected from the group consisting of a hydroxystyrene/styrene copolymer having hydroxystyrene units in a content of from 65 to 90 mol % and a hydroxystyrene/&agr;-methylstyrene copolymer having hydroxystyrene units in a content of from 65 to 90 mol %, (B) a radiation-sensitive acid-generating agent containing a hydroxyl group-containing onium salt compound, and (C) a cross-linking agent containing an N-(alkoxymethyl)glycoluril compound. The composition is suitable as a chemically amplified negative resist, to which alkaline developing solutions having usual concentration are applicable and which can form, in usual line-and-space patterns, resist patterns having a rectangular cross-sectional shape in a high resolution and also has superior sensitivity, developability and dimensional fidelity.

Abstract: An ink jet printing head includes a nozzle plate having an outside surface and a plurality of nozzles for discharging ink from the outside surface, each nozzle having a first diameter at a peripheral edge of the nozzle plate. A surface treatment layer is provided on the outside surface of the nozzle plate, the surface treatment layer having a plurality of openings overlapping the plurality of nozzles, each opening having a second diameter at a peripheral edge of the surface treatment layer, the second diameter being smaller than the first diameter.

Abstract: A positive-tone or negative-tone radiation sensitive resin composition which allows easy preparation of a resist, exhibits superior storage stability, high sensitivity, and high resolution capability, and is capable of producing excellent resist patterns. The positive-tone type composition comprises (A) a disulfonylmethane derivative in which the main chain with two sulfonyl groups bonded forms a three to eleven member cyclic carbon structure and (B) (a) a resin protected by an acid decomposable group or (b) an alkali-soluble resin and an alkali-solubility control agent. The negative-tone type composition comprises the component (A), (C) an alkali-soluble resin, and (D) a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: An ink jet printing head includes: a plurality of piezoelectric actuators arranged in rows on a substrate, each row including first piezoelectric elements and second piezoelectric elements which are alternately arrayed along the row, the first piezoelectric elements being actuatable to apply a compressive force to ink in accordance with print signals, the second piezoelectric elements being fixed and not actuated; and an ink chamber unit which includes ink chambers located above the first piezoelectric elements and containing ink.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyorganosiloxane-based thermoplastic resin which comprises graft polymerizing (3) at least one vinyl monomer using (4) an initiator which is an organic peroxide which, upon decomposition, produces an organic radical represented by the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent independently hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in the presence of (2) a polyorganosiloxane.

Abstract: A viscosity index improver, comprising an oil-soluble copolymer (A) having 20-70% by weight of alkyl acrylate units and 30-80% by weight of alkyl methacrylate units, and a viscosity index improver, comprising 20-80% by weight of an oil-soluble alkyl acrylate (co)polymer (A1) and 20-80% by weight of an oil-soluble methacrylate (co)polymer (A2), are capable of reducing high-temperature high-shear viscosity, particularly isoparaffin-containing high viscosity index oil, and provide luburicating oils useful as engine oil, gear lubricant and so on.

Abstract: There are disclosed a viscosity index improver comprising a polymer containing at least 70% by weight of structural units of an alkyl (meth)acryrate monomer containing not more than 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and a lubrication oil, comprising said improver added to a lubrication base oll selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, MLDW oils, iso-paraffin-containing high viscosity index oils, synthetic hydrocarbon lubricating oils, synthetic ester lubricating oils, and mixture of two or more of these. The improver exhibits improved low-temperature viscosity characteristics and oxidation resistance, as compared with conventional methacrylate polymer viscosity index improvers. It gives extremely low viscosity at -40.degree. C., particularly when used in high viscosity index oils. Besides, when used in conjunction with a molybdenum-containing FM agent, it has a characteristic of providing low friction coefficient even after oxidative degradation.