Abstract: An apparatus acquiring an image of a subject of a phase object includes: a first light irradiation unit irradiating the subject with a parallel light as a first light; a second light irradiation unit irradiating the subject with a second light at an incidence angle different from that of the first light irradiation unit; an imaging lens having a telecentric optical system; and an imaging unit which images the subject irradiated with at least one of the first light and the second light through the imaging lens, wherein the optical axis of the imaging lens is parallel to an optical path of the first light irradiation unit, the imaging unit is arranged on the optical axis opposite to the first light irradiation unit to the subject, and an optical path length adjusting unit controlling the distance between the telecentric optical system and the subject on the optical axis is arranged.

Abstract: A method of identifying a spatial distribution of areas includes: a first step of determining a rough spatial distribution of at least one area in a sensory area of cerebral cortex in each of a left hemisphere and right hemisphere of the brain that is a target area of the identification; a second step of applying a sensory stimulus to the identification target area; a third step of obtaining brain activity information; and a fourth step of using the brain activity information to calculate one of a coefficient of cross-correlation, and coherence, between brain activity information of areas, assessing synchrony between the left and right hemispheres, and changing the spatial distribution determined in the first step.

Abstract: An ionizing radiation detection apparatus of the present disclosure includes a first chamber holding a scattering gas thereinside; a first drift plane disposed inside the first chamber; a first electron detection unit disposed inside the first chamber so as to oppose the first drift plane; a second chamber connected to the first chamber, the second chamber holding the scattering gas thereinside; a second drift plane disposed inside the second chamber; a second electron detection unit disposed inside the second chamber so as to oppose the second drift plane; a calibration radiation source; and a control unit configured to compensate for a change in a multiplication factor of a signal output from each of the first electron detection unit and the second electron detection unit.

Abstract: A video control apparatus includes a video presenting unit configured to present a video to a viewer, a brain activity measuring unit configured to measure a brain activity of the viewer, a feature amount estimating unit configured to estimate a feature amount related to a direction and an amount of motion of a video perceived by the viewer based on data acquired by the brain activity measuring unit, and a video control unit configured to control a video to be displayed by the video presenting unit based on the feature amount.

Abstract: An information acquiring method to acquire brain activity information from biological subjects presented a sensory stimulus, including the following processes, (1) a process to present the sensory stimulus to at least one brain area of the biological subjects including the visual cortices of the cerebral cortex, the auditory cortices of the cerebral cortex, and the vestibular cortices of the cerebral cortex, (2) a process to measure brain activity in multiple, different regions of the brain areas while the sensory stimulus is presented, and (3) a process to evaluate stress provided to the subject by the sensory stimulus based on the brain activity data for the multiple regions.

Abstract: A method of identifying a spatial distribution of areas includes: a first step of determining a rough spatial distribution of at least one area in a sensory area of cerebral cortex in each of a left hemisphere and right hemisphere of the brain that is a target area of the identification; a second step of applying a sensory stimulus to the identification target area; a third step of obtaining brain activity information; and a fourth step of using the brain activity information to calculate one of a coefficient of cross-correlation, and coherence, between brain activity information of areas, assessing synchrony between the left and right hemispheres, and changing the spatial distribution determined in the first step.

Abstract: An information obtaining method includes (1) presenting a first visual stimulus to a living body, (2) obtaining brain activity data in the primary visual cortex and a color vision related area during presentation of the first visual stimulus, (3) presenting a second visual stimulus different from the first visual stimulus to the living body, (4) obtaining brain activity data in the primary visual cortex and the color vision related area during presentation of the second visual stimulus, and (5) obtaining brain activity information on the basis of the ratio between the brain activity data in the primary visual cortex, obtained in (2), and the brain activity data in the primary visual cortex, obtained in (4), and the ratio between the brain activity data in the color vision related area, obtained in (2), and the brain activity data in the color vision related area, obtained in (4).

Abstract: An information acquiring method configured to acquire brain activity information from biological subjects presented a sensory stimulus, in which the brain activity information is acquired by measuring the brain activity in at least one region of the brain areas of the biological subjects including the visual cortices of the cerebral cortex, the auditory cortices of the cerebral cortex, and the vestibular cortices of the cerebral cortex; while the stimulus which changes over time is presented to the brain areas by the stimulus presenting unit before and after the sensory stimulus is presented to the brain areas.

Abstract: A brain function activity of a subject is measured using a brain function measuring unit by presenting multiple stimulations, which are adjusted to have no cognitive meaning when presented in a separate manner and to have a cognitive meaning when presented simultaneously as a combined stimulation, to the subject as the combined stimulation at regular intervals with a control of a control unit, thus measuring a higher cognitive brain activity responding to the combined stimulation separately from a lower cognitive brain activity.

Abstract: A source grating for X-rays and the like which can enhance spatial coherence and is used for X-ray phase contrast imaging is provided. The source grating for X-rays is disposed between an X-ray source and a test object and is used for X-ray phase contrast imaging. The source grating for X-rays includes a plurality of sub-gratings formed by periodically arranging projection parts each having a thickness shielding an X-ray at constant intervals. The plurality of sub-gratings are stacked in layers by being shifted.

Abstract: A video control apparatus includes a video presenting unit configured to present a video to a viewer, a brain activity measuring unit configured to measure a brain activity of the viewer, a feature amount estimating unit configured to estimate a feature amount related to a direction and an amount of motion of a video perceived by the viewer based on data acquired by the brain activity measuring unit, and a video control unit configured to control a video to be displayed by the video presenting unit based on the feature amount.

Abstract: A visual stimulation presentation apparatus including: a specimen holding unit, made of a non-magnetic material, configured to hold multiple specimens of actual objects serving as specimens for presenting a subject with visual stimulation when running an apparatus to measure brain functions of the subject by detecting change in magnetic field; an actuator, made of a non-magnetic material, configured to selectively present multiple specimens of actual objects set in the specimen holding unit, by driving the specimen holding unit; and a control unit configured to control driving of the actuator; is used, whereby presenting time and presenting position can be precisely controlled and the delicate surface state of the objects with a high degree of sense of texture.

Abstract: A source grating for X-rays and the like which can enhance spatial coherence and is used for X-ray phase contrast imaging is provided. The source grating for X-rays is disposed between an X-ray source and a test object and is used for X-ray phase contrast imaging. The source grating for X-rays includes a plurality of sub-gratings formed by periodically arranging projection parts each having a thickness shielding an X-ray at constant intervals. The plurality of sub-gratings are stacked in layers by being shifted.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring apparatus including a substrate disposed facing a measurement object, a detecting electrode provided insulated from the substrate, and a capacity modulating unit for modulating a coupling capacity between the detecting electrode and the measurement object. In the electric potential measuring apparatus, a region with a dielectric constant less than a dielectric constant of the substrate is formed in the substrate to achieve an increase in resistivity of a portion of the substrate between detecting electrodes, or a decrease in a stray capacity between the detecting electrode and the substrate.

Abstract: A potential measuring apparatus has a detection electrode on which an electric charge is induced according to a potential of a detection object, and a modulator for altering the generated quantity of the electric charge. The detection electrode has at least one depressed portion on a surface opposite to the detection object.

Abstract: Oscillating device including a movable member that is vibratable, a fixed section that is provided opposite to the movable member, a driving unit configured to drive the movable member, and at least two electrodes configured to generate a first signal corresponding to a drive state of the movable member. At least one electrode is provided on the movable member, and at least one electrode is provided on the fixed section. The driving unit can control the driving of the movable member on the basis of the first signal.

Abstract: A potential sensor including first and second detection electrodes opposed to an object of which a potential is to be measured, and a movable shutter so positioned between the detection electrodes and the potential-measured object with gaps thereto. The movable shutter can assume a first state and a second state. The first detection electrode is exposed to the potential-measured object wider when the movable shutter assumes the second state. The second detection electrode is exposed to the potential-measured object narrower when the movable shutter assumes the first state than when the movable shutter assumes the second state.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring device comprises a detection electrode of a conductive material disposed in opposition to an object and a movable structure comprised of a first solid material portion of a dielectric and a second solid material portion of another dielectric or a conductive material. A charge induced on the detection electrode by electric lines of force from the object is modulated by moving the movable structure with a drive mechanism, to measure an electric potential of the object. An image forming apparatus comprises the electric potential measuring device and an image forming means for performing a control of an image formation by using the electric potential measuring device.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring device has a detection electrode of a conductive material disposed in opposition to an object and a movable structure including a first solid material portion of a dielectric and a second solid material portion of another dielectric or a conductive material. A charge induced on the detection electrode by electric lines of force from the object is modulated by moving the movable structure with a drive mechanism, to measure an electric potential of the object. An image forming apparatus has the electric potential measuring device and an image forming unit for performing a control of an image formation by using the electric potential measuring device.

Abstract: A potential measuring device for measuring a potential of a measurement object, includes a detection electrode that faces the measurement object, a reference electrode disposed in a vicinity of the detection electrode that is electrostatically shielded by an electrostatic shield structure with respect to the measurement object, and capacitance modulator for modulating an electrostatic coupled capacitance between the detection electrode and the measurement object to measure a potential of the measurement object by using an electric signal generated on the detection electrode and an electric signal generated on the reference electrode.