Abstract: A carbon catalyst has a carbon structure with a crystallite size Lc falling within 0.90 nm or more and 1.20 nm or less calculated through use of a Bragg angle of a diffraction peak fbroad at a diffraction angle 2? of 24.0°±4.0° obtained by separating a diffraction peak in the vicinity of a diffraction angle 2? of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction using a CuK? ray, and a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 97 ?mol/g or less, a total of a carbon monoxide desorption amount and a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 647 ?mol/g or less, or a carbon monoxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 549 ?mol/g or less in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 25° C. to 1,200° C.

Abstract: N-(substituted or unsubstituted)-4-substituted-6-(substituted or unsubstituted) phenoxy-2-pyridine carboxamide or thiocarboxamide represented by the general formula (I) and a process for producing the compound. A herbicide containing as an effective ingredient N-(substituted or unsubstituted)-4-substituted-6-(substituted or unsubstituted) phenoxy-2-pyridine carboxamide or thiocarboxamide represented by the general formula (I).

Abstract: A process for producing N-substituted pyridine carboxamide or thiocarboxamide, comprising reacting a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine metal compound with substituted isocyanate or isothiocyanate to obtain an addition reaction product thereof, and then substituting the metal of said addition reaction product with a proton. The process according to the present invention can be applied even to compounds having an oxidation-susceptible substituent group and, therefore, industrially useful.

Abstract: 1. A benzyloxypyrimidine derivative of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyloxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, or cyano;each X, which may be identical or different if n is greater than 1, represents a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl;each Y, which may be identical or different if m is greater than 1, represents a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy;G represents O or S; andn and m each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5.

Abstract: A 2-benzyloxy-4-phenoxypyrimidine derivative represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyloxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, cyano, or phenyl;each X, which may be identical or different if n is greater than 1, represents a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy;each Y, which may be identical or different if m is greater than 1, represents a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio; andn and m each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5, which is useful as a herbicide.

Abstract: A 2-(unsubstituted or substituted) (benzyloxy or phenoxy)-4-substituted-6-(meta-substituted phenoxy)pyridine represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or cyano; each X, which may be identical or different if n is greater than 1, represents a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkythio, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyloxy, or C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkynyloxy;Y represents trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, or trifluoromethylthio;m represents an integer of 0 or 1; andn represents an integer of 0 to 5, which is useful as a herbicide.

Abstract: A 2-phenoxy-6-thienylmethyloxypyridine derivative represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen, a halogen, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, or di (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl) amino;each X, which may be identical or different if n is greater than 1, represents a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl;each Y, which may be identical or different if m is greater than 1, represents a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio;m represents an integer of 0 to 5; andn represents an integer of 0 to 3, which is useful as a herbicide.

Abstract: A herbicidal composition comprising a herbicidally effective amount of a 2-benzyloxypyrimidine derivative represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, a halogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyloxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkynyloxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, or phenyl;n is an integer of 0 to 5; andeach X which may be identical or different if n is greater than 1, is a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyloxy, phenyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, or nitro, andan adjuvant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a decorative laminates having a decorative paper and having a fine dot-like tone appearance. The decorative paper contains pigment(s) having a mean particle size of from 20 to 100 .mu.m and/or powdery colored fibers having a mean fiber length of from 50 to 2000 .mu.m as incorporated thereinto during papermaking. The fine dotlike tone appearance of the sheet is durable and is hardly worn away.

Abstract: Inorganic or organic particles have been used in the past as paper additives for hot-pressed forms to impart the pattern of granite thereto, but when these are boiled in hot water, for example, an uncountable number of small blisters result, lowering the commercial value of the product; however, according to the present invention it is possible to obtain an additive for forming patterns by grinding to desired particle sizes colored paper which has undergone water-resistance treatment with a thermosetting resin, and by selecting the color of the colored paper, a pattern may be selected as desired having spots of any desired color or size. With patterned paper manufactured by adding these paper additives during the paper manufacturing process, there is no occurrence of the above mentioned blisters and a clear pattern may be formed, and therefore hot-pressed forms utilizing have a natural granite image.

Abstract: A granitic stone-like artificial solid material is produced by impregnating a paper sheet having a granitic stone-like fleck pattern with a thermosetting resin to give a paper containing from 25-60% by weight of the resin on a dry basis. The resin impregnated paper sheet is dried and hot-pressed into a laminate comprising a plurality of the sheets. The paper includes (A) from 20-80% by weight of cellulose pulp, (B) from 2-40% by weight of an artificial fiber, (C) from 10-70% by weight of an inorganic filler less than 10 .mu.m in average diameter, and (D) from 1-30% by weight of a fine-grained additive of grains from 10-500 82 m in average diameter, having a color hue different from that of the inorganic filler (C).

Abstract: A granitic stone ( so-called Mikage-ishi)-like artificial solid material produced by impregnating a paper sheet having a granitic pattern with a thermosetting resin to give a paper containing from 25 to 60% by weight of the resin at the dry basis; drying the resin-impregnated paper sheet; and hot-pressing a laminate comprising a plurality of the dried sheets; is claimed, said paper mainly comprising (A) from 20 to 80% by weight of cellulose pulp, (B) from 2 to 40% by weight of an artificial fiber, (C) from 10 to 70% by weight of an inorganic filler less than 10 .mu.m in average diameter, and (D) from 1 to 30% by weight of a fine-grained additive consisting of grains from 10 to 500 .mu.m in average diameter, having a color hue different from that of the inorganic filler (C).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are the derivative of benzyl ether represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## which is useful as an intermediate compound of the derivatives of 1,5-diphenyl-1H-1,2,4- triazole-3-carboxamide represented by the formula (II), ##STR2## wherein R is a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which is non-substituted or substituted with 1 to 19 fluorine atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms which is non-substituted or substituted with 1 to 19 fluorine atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which is substituted with an alicyclic structure having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or an aralkyl group having 7 to 9 carbon atoms; X.sup.1 is a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; X.sup.2 is a hydrogen, a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; Y.sup.1 is a hydrogen or a fluorine; Y.sup.2 is a hydrogen or a fluorine; and Z is a nitro group or an amino group.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a benzyl ether compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a branched alkyl group of 4 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group of 4 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms having an alicyclic group of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group of 7 to 9 carbon atoms, an alkyl group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms having an alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an unsaturated alkyl group of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkyl group of 2 to 8 carbon atoms which has been substituted by 1 to 15 fluorine atoms, or a branched alkyl group of 3 to 8 carbon atoms which has been substituted by 1 to 15 fluorine atoms, and X represents a nitro group or an amino group, provided that when X is a nitro group, R is neither an aralkyl group nor an ethyl group substituted by fluorine atom(s), a process for producing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivative represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which is non-substituted or substituted with 1 to 19 fluorine atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms which is non-substituted or substituted with 1 to 19 fluorine atoms; X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; X.sup.2 represents hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; Y.sup.1 represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom; and Y.sup.2 represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom. The derivatives of the formula (I) have high herbicidal activities and also show a excellent selectivity in their actions for killing weeds alone while doing any practical harm to the crops such as rice, wheat and corn.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a derivative of 1,5-diphenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which is non-substituted or substituted with 1 to 19 fluorine atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms which is non-substituted or substituted with 1 to 19 fluorine atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which is substituted with an alicyclic structure having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or an aralkyl group having 7 to 9 carbon atoms; X.sup.1 is a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; X.sup.2 is a hydrogen, a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; Y.sup.1 is a hydrogen or a fluorine; and Y.sup.2 is a hydrogen or a fluorine, and the herbicidal compositions containing said derivatives as active ingredient therefor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a derivative of 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide represented by the formula (Io): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom and R represents a straight-chain alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkyl group of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a (cycloalkyl)alkyl group of 4 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, an aralkyl group of 7 to 9 carbon atoms, a phenyl group substituted by halogen atom(s) or an alkyl group of 2 to 8 carbon atoms which is substituted by fluorine atom(s), an intermediate for producing the derivative and a herbicidal composition containing the derivative as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing i-brassicasterol, comprising charging a mixture of i-sterols derived from a mixture of sterols including brassicasterol into a column packed with a filler obtained by chemically binding alkyl group(s) of 15 to 24 carbon atoms to silica, and subjecting said mixture of i-sterols to reversed-phase partition column-chromatography while using (i) an alcohol of one to three carbon atoms or a mixture therof, or (ii) a mixed solvent comprising more than 50% by volume of said alcohol(s) and a solvent other than said alcohol(s) as an eluent, thereby isolating and purifying i-brassicasterol.

Abstract: Plants which have been sprayed with N-alkylalkanolamines and/or N-alkylalkanolammonium salts have been found to show much less tendency of suffering plant virus diseases when applied as they are or after being dissolved in solvent. The N-alkylalkanolamine is prepared by reacting an alkanolamine with an alkyl halide in the presence of a basic substance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein control of plant-virus diseases by applying a compound obtained by reducing the reaction product of an n-alkylamine with a sugar or a salt thereof on the plant to be protected from the plant-virus as an active ingredient.