Abstract: A vibration device includes a bimorph type piezoelectric element having a first main surface and a second main surface facing each other and a vibration member bonded to the second main surface of the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element has a first active region disposed closer to the first main surface between the first and second main surfaces and a second active region disposed closer to the second main surface than the first active region between the first and second main surfaces. When a force generated in the first active region is F1, a force generated in the second active region is F2, and a force by which the vibration member restrains the second active region is Fr, F2?F1?Fr is satisfied.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric body, an electrode layer, and a reinforcing layer. The piezoelectric body has a first main surface, a second main surface, and a side surface. The first main surface and the second main surface oppose each other. The side surface extends in an opposing direction in which the first main surface and the second main surface oppose each other in such a way as to connect the first main surface and the second main surface. The electrode layer is provided in the piezoelectric body. The reinforcing layer is provided on the first main surface. The electrode layer is provided opposing the first main surface and apart from the side surface. When viewed from the opposing direction, the electrode layer has a corner. When viewed from the opposing direction, the reinforcing layer overlaps the corner.

Abstract: In order to provide an evaluation apparatus that is capable of measuring the performance of a photovoltaic power generation system accurately while using simple equipment outdoors using sunlight, there are provided a plurality of illumination intensity sensors disposed in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panels, and an evaluator that is connected to a PCS and to the sensors, and evaluates the performance of the photovoltaic power generation system based on outputs from each of these, and the evaluator includes an output acquisition unit that acquires an output of the photovoltaic panels from the PCS, a consistency degree calculation unit that calculates a degree of consistency in illumination intensity measurement values measured by the sensors, and a determination unit that, when the degree of consistency is within a predetermined permissible range, determines that the output of the photovoltaic panels acquired by the output acquisition unit is a true value.

Abstract: [PROBLEM] There is provided a broadband infrared light emitting device that radiates infrared light having a band broader than a conventional broadband infrared light emitting device.

Abstract: An electron microscope which utilizes a polarized electron beam and can obtain a high contrast image of a sample is provided. The microscope includes: a laser; a polarization apparatus that polarizes a laser beam into a circularly polarized laser beam; a semiconductor photocathode that is provided with a strained superlattice semiconductor layer and generates a polarized electron beam when irradiated with the circularly polarized laser beam; a transmission electron microscope that utilizes the polarized electron beam; an electron beam intensity distribution recording apparatus arranged at a face reached by the polarized electron beam that has transmitted through the sample. An electron beam intensity distribution recording apparatus records an intensity distribution before and after the polarization of the electron beam is reversed, and a difference acquisition apparatus calculates a difference therebetween.

Abstract: [PROBLEM] There is provided a broadband infrared light emitting device that radiates infrared light having a band broader than a conventional broadband infrared light emitting device.

Abstract: A semiconductor light-emitting device includes a semiconductor light-emitting element, and a sealing material sealing the semiconductor light-emitting element. The sealing material includes a phosphor which includes a matrix including a glass and a luminescence center included in the matrix. A refractive index of the matrix is more in a far side of the matrix than the refractive index of the matrix in a near side of the matrix, the far side being located farther from the semiconductor light-emitting element than the near side. The refractive index of the matrix is the same as a refractive index of the semiconductor light-emitting element.

Abstract: An electron microscope which utilizes a polarized electron beam and can obtain a high contrast image of a sample is provided. The microscope includes: a laser; a polarization apparatus that polarizes a laser beam into a circularly polarized laser beam; a semiconductor photocathode that is provided with a strained superlattice semiconductor layer and generates a polarized electron beam when irradiated with the circularly polarized laser beam; a transmission electron microscope that utilizes the polarized electron beam; an electron beam intensity distribution recording apparatus arranged at a face reached by the polarized electron beam that has transmitted through the sample. An electron beam intensity distribution recording apparatus records an intensity distribution before and after the polarization of the electron beam is reversed, and a difference acquisition apparatus calculates a difference therebetween.

Abstract: A spin-polarized electron generating device includes a substrate, a buffer layer, a strained superlattice layer formed on the buffer layer, and an intermediate layer formed of a crystal having a lattice constant greater than a lattice constant of a crystal of the buffer layer, the intermediate layer intervening between the substrate and the buffer layer. The buffer layer includes cracks formed in a direction perpendicular to the substrate by tensile strain.

Abstract: [Problem] A semiconductor light-emitting device, which does not suffer from color unevenness of the light taken out of a sealing material even when a phosphor is used therein and enables reduction of the production cost is provided. [Means for Solving] Because semiconductor light-emitting device (1) comprises a semiconductor light-emitting element (4) and a phosphor (5) sealing the semiconductor light-emitting element (4) and having a matrix composed of a glass and a luminescence center contained in the matrix, by directly sealing the semiconductor light-emitting element (4) with the phosphor (5), color unevenness of light emitted from the device is reduced and any sealing material other than the phosphor (5) becomes unnecessary. Since a process of mixing the phosphor (5) and any other sealing material is not required, the production cost can be reduced.

Abstract: To provide implement a spin-polarized electron generating device having high spin polarization and high external quantum efficiency while allowing a certain degree of freedom in selecting materials of a substrate, a buffer layer, and a strained superlattice layer. In a spin-polarized electron generating device having a substrate, a buffer layer, and a strained superlattice layer formed on the buffer layer, an intermediate layer formed of a crystal having a lattice constant greater than that of a crystal used to form the buffer layer intervenes between the substrate and the buffer layer. With this arrangement, tensile strain causes cracks to be formed in the buffer layer in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, whereby the buffer layer has mosaic-like appearance. As a result, glide dislocations in an oblique direction do not propagate to the strained superlattice layer to be grown on the buffer layer, thereby improving crystallinity of the strained superlattice layer.

Abstract: A group communications switching method is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: maintaining a voice call between a first subscriber terminal and a second subscriber terminal when it becomes necessary to perform group communications while the voice call is in progress; starting a group communications call by the first subscriber terminal so as to call at least a group communications member other than the first subscriber terminal and the second subscriber terminal; and disconnecting the voice call between the first subscriber terminal and the second subscriber terminal when the group communications call is established.

Abstract: A group communications switching method is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: maintaining a voice call between a first subscriber terminal and a second subscriber terminal when it becomes necessary to perform group communications while the voice call is in progress; starting a group communications call by the first subscriber terminal so as to call at least a group communications member other than the first subscriber terminal and the second subscriber terminal; and disconnecting the voice call between the first subscriber terminal and the second subscriber terminal when the group communications call is established.

Abstract: In a disaster system control method and apparatus transmitting disaster status information through a mobile communication network or a fixed communication network, in order to promptly transmit/receive disaster status information at a time of a disaster occurrence between a disaster monitoring person and afflicted people within a disaster occurrence area, a bandwidth control apparatus assigns a bandwidth for a packet call in preference to other calls, a mobile terminal installs an application for disaster thereon for transmitting/receiving disaster status information between a disaster system center and the mobile terminal itself, and the disaster system center provides the mobile terminal within a disaster occurrence area with an application for disaster startup mail to start up the application for disaster.

Abstract: A semiconductor multi-layered structure (1) having non-uniform quantum dots formed without requiring lattice strain is of a double hetero junction structure in which an active layer (3) has clad layers (5, 6, 16) laid on its opposite sides, wherein the clad layers are larger in forbidden band than the active layer (3), and the active layer (3) includes at least one layer of non-uniform quantum dots (2) formed without requiring lattice strain and wherein the non-uniform quantum dots in the layer (2) are composed of compound semiconductor material and different from one another in either size or material composition or both. A light emitting diode (15, 15?), a semiconductor laser diode (20) and a semiconductor light amplifier (30) are also provided, each having a semiconductor multi-layered structure (1, 1?) with non-uniform quantum dots. They can emit or amplify light wide in range of wavelengths.

Abstract: In an intelligent network system, a service subscriber can remotely execute a procedure, such as a registration or a change of the contents of service, which is performed by an operator in the conventional system, through an external terminal by him or her. The intelligent network system includes a service control point that controls services and provides a database storing data relating to a service subscriber; a service management system, which monitors load on the service control point, stores and manages data relating to the service subscriber; external terminals owned by the service subscriber; and a remote access management system, which is interfaced with the external terminal. The service management system updates and records the data of the updated subscriber's service, which is transmitted through the remote access management system, in the database of the service control point, when the service control point does not over-load.

Abstract: In an intelligent network system, a service subscriber can remotely execute a procedure, such as a registration or a change of the contents of service, which is performed by an operator in the conventional system, through an external terminal by him or her. The intelligent network system includes a service control point that controls services and provides a database storing data relating to a service subscriber; a service management system, which monitors load on the service control point, stores and manages data relating to the service subscriber; external terminals owned by the service subscriber; and a remote access management system, which is interfaced with the external terminal. The service management system updates and records the data of the updated subscriber's service, which is transmitted through the remote access management system, in the database of the service control point, when the service control point does not over-load.

Abstract: A service management system is adapted to an intelligent network system having a plurality of service switching points making service inquiries, and a plurality of service control points coupled to the service switching points and controlling services. The service management system is coupled to the plurality of service control points and centrally manages databases of the service control points, and includes a process registration information table for registering process information of a plurality of processes related to the service control points and the service management system. The process registration information table is used to manage contention among the processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication service control apparatus for controlling communication services in the public network, private network or a network such as a virtual private network not accompanied by geographical conditions or physical conditions such as apparatus and more particularly to a communication service control apparatus for controlling the charging process for the communication services. The service control apparatus 2 comprises an information supply means 21 for supplying a charging control information including charging conditions about a plurality of customers for demanding the tariff of communication services, a charging decision means 22 for deciding, based on the charging control information, to charge for the predetermined customer among the plural customers, and a charging recording means 23 for recording charging result information based on the charging decision means.