Abstract: There is provided a pit initiation evaluation system or the like capable of predicting pit initiation effectively and at low cost. In a pit initiation evaluation system of an embodiment, a pit initiation evaluation unit creates and retains, based on a dry-wet alternate time data, a deposit impurity concentration data, and a pit initiation data on pitting corrosion initiated in each of a plurality of turbine stages when an operation is actually performed in the steam turbine, a pit initiation evaluation table presenting a relationship between a dry-wet alternate time, a deposit impurity concentration, and pit initiation. Further, the pit initiation evaluation unit is configured to evaluate, by using the pit initiation evaluation table, pitting corrosion to be initiated in each of the plurality of turbine stages in an operation planned for the steam turbine.

Abstract: A method for testing a magnetic recording medium tests a magnetic recording medium provided on a non-magnetic substrate (1) with at least a magnetic layer (3) for surface characteristics by using a testing head possessing a heat sensitive element. The method starts from scanning the surface of the magnetic recording medium by using a testing head possessing a heat sensitive element. By this scanning, a signal component of low frequency originating in the swell of the surface of the magnetic recording medium is separated from the signal emitted from the testing head. The protrusion on the surface of the magnetic recording medium is detected from the signal of high frequency remaining after the separation.

Abstract: An electronic control unit for controlling a fuel injection amount of a two-cycle internal combustion engine with an exhaust control valve wherein the electronic control unit comprises an injection amount determination means for determining the fuel injection amount at various control conditions, a valve abnormality detection means for detecting an abnormality of operation of the exhaust control valve, and an injector driving means for driving an injector so as to inject fuel of the amount determined by the injection amount determination means from the injector. The injection amount determination means determines the injection amount so that when the valve abnormality detection means detects the abnormality of operation of the exhaust control valve, an air-fuel mixture is made in a rich state.

Abstract: A signal generator for an internal combustion engine for obtaining precise information on a rotational direction of the engine when the engine runs at extremely low speed, comprising: a rotor having a first series of reluctor corresponding to a cylinder of the engine, and a second series of reluctor having a predetermined phase relationship relative to the first series of reluctor; and a first sensor and a second sensor that detect the first series of reluctor and the second series of reluctor, respectively of the rotor to generate pulses, wherein a positional relationship between the first and the second series of reluctors, and a positional relationship between the first and the second sensors are set so that a difference occurs in a phase relationship between an output pulse of the first sensor and that of the second sensor in forward rotation and in reverse rotation of the engine.

Abstract: An electronic control unit for a two-cycle internal combustion engine including an exhaust control valve which adjusts exhaust timing, a valve controller which controls the exhaust control valve, and a reversal controller which controls reversing a rotational direction of the engine in accordance with an instruction for reversal. In order to raise the probability of a success in reversing the rotational direction of the engine by generating a stable combustion pressure during the reversal of the rotational direction, there is provided valve opening and closing operation inhibition means which inhibits an opening and closing operation of the exhaust control valve by fixing the exhaust control valve in a fully-closed position while the reversal controller is performing control to reverse the rotational direction of the engine.

Abstract: An electronic control unit for a two-cycle internal combustion engine including an exhaust control valve which adjusts exhaust timing, a valve controller which controls the exhaust control valve, and a reversal controller which controls reversing a rotational direction of the engine in accordance with an instruction for reversal. In order to raise the probability of a success in reversing the rotational direction of the engine by generating a stable combustion pressure during the reversal of the rotational direction, there is provided valve opening and closing operation inhibition means which inhibits an opening and closing operation of the exhaust control valve by fixing the exhaust control valve in a fully-closed position while the reversal controller is performing control to reverse the rotational direction of the engine.

Abstract: An electronic control unit for controlling a fuel injection amount of a two-cycle internal combustion engine with an exhaust control valve wherein the electronic control unit comprises an injection amount determination means for determining the fuel injection amount at various control conditions, a valve abnormality detection means for detecting an abnormality of operation of the exhaust control valve, and an injector driving means for driving an injector so as to inject fuel of the amount determined by the injection amount determination means from the injector. The injection amount determination means determines the injection amount so that when the valve abnormality detection means detects the abnormality of operation of the exhaust control valve, an air-fuel mixture is made in a rich state.

Abstract: A signal generator for an internal combustion engine for obtaining precise information on a rotational direction of the engine when the engine runs at extremely low speed, comprising: a rotor having a first series of reluctor corresponding to a cylinder of the engine, and a second series of reluctor having a predetermined phase relationship relative to the first series of reluctor; and a first sensor and a second sensor that detect the first series of reluctor and the second series of reluctor, respectively of the rotor to generate pulses, wherein a positional relationship between the first and the second series of reluctors, and a positional relationship between the first and the second sensors are set so that a difference occurs in a phase relationship between an output pulse of the first sensor and that of the second sensor in forward rotation and in reverse rotation of the engine.

Abstract: A batteryless fuel injection apparatus for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine adapted to generate a start injection command signal for each of cylinders in predetermined order whenever a reference pulse signal is generated by a signal generation device in case that which cylinder the reference pulse signal corresponds to cannot be judged to inject a fuel from the injector for each of the cylinders and to generate the injection command signal for each of the cylinders at a regular injection start position after which cylinder the reference pulse signal corresponds to is judged.

Abstract: A control system for a two cycle internal combustion engine comprising signal generator means to generate a low speed ignition position detection signal at a position suitable for igniting the engine at a low speed of the engine so that an ignition system of the internal combustion engine is operated during a transient period after the engine is ignited at an overadvanced position until the rotational direction of the engine is confirmed whereby the engine is prevented from being stalled during the transient period.

Abstract: A batteryless fuel injection apparatus for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine adapted to generate a start injection command signal for each of cylinders in predetermined order whenever a reference pulse signal is generated by a signal generation device in case that which cylinder the reference pulse signal corresponds to cannot be judged to inject a fuel from the injector for each of the cylinders and to generate the injection command signal for each of the cylinders at a regular injection start position after which cylinder the reference pulse signal corresponds to is judged.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine is provided for a running equipment, which prevents from running in the direction opposed to the driver's intention when reversing the engine is failed although a driver executes a reverse process of reversing the rotative direction of the engine. The rotative direction of the internal combustion engine is detected so as to generate a rotative direction detection signal, and a reverse failure signal is generated when the rotative direction of the engine detected by these detection signals does not correspond to the rotative direction of the engine commanded by a reverse command. When the reverse failure signal is generated, fuel supply to the engine is stopped, and the engine is extinguished so as to stop the rotation.

Abstract: A process for controlling a change-over of a rotative direction of a two cycle internal combustion engine used for driving a travelling machine such as a scooter, a snowmobile, a buggy car or the like wherein the rotative direction of the engine is reversed by advancing an ignition position to an over spark advance position just when it is confirmed that reversion allowance conditions are satisfied which are required for reversing the rotative direction of the engine while the travelling machine is driven with safety maintained.

Abstract: A rotational direction change-over control method capable of reversing a rotational direction of an internal combustion engine without discharging unburnt gas. When a reverse command is generated, feed of fuel to the engine is interrupted to reduce a rotational speed of the engine to a set level. An ignition position of the engine is advanced to an excessively advanced position during a reduction in rotational speed to the set level. When the rotational speed is reduced to the set level, feed of fuel is restarted to reverse a rotational speed of the engine. When judgment that the rotational speed is successfully reversed is made, the ignition position is transferred to a position near a top dead center, to thereby maintain rotation of the engine in a direction reversed.