Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a porous carbon material comprising: heating a cured phenolic resin complex lump, including 150 to 450 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide per 100 parts by weight of phenolic resin, at a temperature of 420 to 850° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain carbonized material; and washing and removing sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide included in the carbonized material. According to the present invention, there can be provided a porous carbon material, including large volumes of subnano-pores having a diameter of in a range of 0.45 to 1.0 nm with a sharp distribution, which is particularly useful as a gaseous adsorbent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a porous carbon material comprising: heating a cured phenolic resin complex lump, including 150 to 450 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide per 100 parts by weight of phenolic resin, at a temperature of 420 to 850° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain carbonized material; and washing and removing sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide included in the carbonized material. According to the present invention, there can be provided a porous carbon material, including large volumes of subnano-pores having a diameter of in a range of 0.45 to 1.0 nm with a sharp distribution, which is particularly useful as a gaseous adsorbent.

Abstract: Amorphous sodium silicate-metal sulfate composite powder having water softening power and having small hygroscopicity, and useful as a detergent builder is provided. This amorphous sodium silicate-metal sulfate composite powder is characterized in that it contains a metal sulfate, for example, sodium sulfate, as solid solution, and when the SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio is expressed by n and the specific surface area thereof is expressed by S (m.sup.2 /g), n and S satisfy the following expressions:1.60.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.2.800.10.ltoreq.S.ltoreq.2.00, provided that it is assumed that the molar number of Na.sub.2 O is the molar number of Na.sub.2 O based on sodium silicate, and does not contain the molar number of Na.sub.2 O based on sodium sulfate in the case where the metal sulfate is sodium sulfate. This powder is prepared by grinding sodium silicate cullet containing the metal sulfate as solid solution.

Abstract: Amorphous sodium silicate powder exhibiting excellent water softening power and suitable as a detergent builder is provided. This amorphous sodium silicate powder is characterized in that when the molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O is expressed by n and the specific surface area thereof is expressed by S(m.sup.2 /g), the following expressions:1.20.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.1.600.10.ltoreq.S.ltoreq.0.90and0.008.times.n.sup.8.6 .ltoreq.S.ltoreq.0.063.times.n.sup.8.1are satisfied.

Abstract: An electro-responsive elastomeric material comprising (A) an electrically insulating polymer having a specific modulus of elasticity and (B) a fine powder dispersed in the polymer which electrically polarizes under an electric field independent of water changes its viscoelasticity upon voltage application. The powder has a mean particle size of 0.5 to 500 .mu.m and is (1) a fine carbonaceous powder having a C/H atomic ratio of from 1.2 to 5, (2) composite particles having minute particulates of an insulating material dispersed in a matrix phase of a carbonaceous or carbide material, (3) composite particles having minute particulates of a carbonaceous or carbide material dispersed in a matrix phase of an insulating material, or (4) a fine composite powder of a stratum clay mineral having a two-dimensional stratum structure with a carbonaceous or carbide material incorporated between the strata.

Abstract: A powder having improved oxidation resistance and controlled electrical properties is obtained by dispersing minute particulates in a matrix phase to form composite particles. The minute particulates may be distributed uniformly or non-uniformly such that the particulates are dense near the surface and sparse near the center of each particle or inversely. The matrix phase has a moderate conductivity of 10.sup.-10 to 10.sup.2 Scm.sup.-1, and the dispersed particulates have a low conductivity of up to 1/10 of that of the matrix phase, typically up to 10.sup.-2 Scm.sup.-1. Alternatively, the matrix phase has a lower conductivity and the dispersed particulates have a moderate conductivity. The powder is dispersed in an insulating oily medium to form an electrorheological fluid.

Abstract: The electroviscous fluid is a suspension composed of a finely divided dielectric solid dispersed in an electrically nonconductive oil. The viscosity of the fluid increases swiftly and reversibly under an influence of electric field applied thereto and the fluid turns to a state of plastic or solid when the influence is sufficiently strong.The electroviscous fluid of the present invention comprises 1-60% by weight of a dispersed phase of carbonaceous particulates having average particle size of 0.01-100 micrometer, and 99-40% by weight of a continuous liquid phase of an electric insulating oil having a viscosity of 0.65-500 centistokes at room temperature.The electroviscous fluid exhibits an excellent electroviscous effect even at a high temperature with a low electric power consumption together with maintaining the improved electroviscous effect for a long period of time.

Abstract: The electroviscous fluid is a suspension composed of a finely divided dielectric solid dispersed in an electrically nonconductive oil. Viscosity of the fluid increases swiftly and reversibly under an influence of electric field applied thereto and the fluid turns to a state of plastic or solid when the influence is sufficiently strong.The electroviscous fluid of the present invention comprises(A) 1-60% by weight of a dispersed phase composed of hygroscopic inorganic particles having an average particle size of 0.01-20 micrometer and regulated to a water content of 0.1-10% by weight and adsorbing a high boiling point liquid polar compound, and(B) 99-40% by weight of a liquid phase of an electric insulating oil having a viscosity 0.65-500 centistokes at room temperature.The electroviscous fluid exhibits an excellent electroviscous effect for a long period of time with a low electric power consumption together with a quick response at the application and cancellation of an electric potential difference.