Abstract: An ink includes water, a pigment, and a copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1, where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M1+ and M2+ each, independently represent monovalent cations, n and m each, independently represent 0 or integers of from 1 to 6 excluding a case where both are 0 and a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 2, where R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ink includes water, a pigment, and a copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1, where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M1+ and M2+ each, independently represent monovalent cations, n and m each, independently represent 0 or integers of from 1 to 6 excluding a case where both are 0 and a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 2, where R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A copolymer includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a hydrogen atom or a cationic ion; and L represents a single bond or —(CH2)n—O—, the oxygen atom of which is bonded with the biphenyl; and n represents an integer of from 2 to 18.

Abstract: A copolymer includes a structure unit represented by Chemical Formula I; and a structure unit represented by Chemical Formula II, where R1 and R2 each, independently represent hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, X represents a hydrogen atom or a cation, and L represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A fullerene derivative having 60 or more carbon atoms includes at least one structure having the following formula (I): wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group and a substituted or unsubstituted monofunctional heterocyclic group; and at least one of R1, R2 and R3 comprises the following formula (II): wherein R4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A fullerene derivative having 60 or more carbon atoms, includes at least one specific structure.

Abstract: A substituent-eliminable diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative represented by the following formula (I) is provided. In the formula (I), R represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; X represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group; and n represents an integer of from 1 to 4.

Abstract: A solution includes an organic solvent and a compound dissolved in the organic solvent, having the following formula (1): wherein R1 represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent or an alkyl group which may have a substituent; R2 and R3 independently represent an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group which may have a substituent, an alkylthio group which may have a substituent or a hydrogen atom, and may form a ring together; X represents an alkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent; and n represents 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: A fullerene derivative having 60 or more carbon atoms includes at least one structure having the following formula (I): wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group and a substituted or unsubstituted monofunctional heterocyclic group; and at least one of R1, R2 and R3 comprises the following formula (II): wherein R4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: To provide a gallium phthalocyanine compound, which is expressed by the following general formula (I): where R1 to R32 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, or an aryl group.

Abstract: A hydroxygallium phthalocyanine composite pigment, which is a composite pigment wherein an azo compound expressed by the following general formula (a) is conjugated to a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigment, wherein the hydroxygallium phthalocyanine composite pigment has diffraction peaks at least at 7.5°, 9.9°, 12.5°, 16.3°, 18.6°, 25.1°, and 28.3° on an X-ray diffraction spectrum with Bragg angle of 2?±0.2°, using Cu—K? X-rays: A(H)n??General Formula (a) where A is a residue of an azo compound; H is a hydrogen atom; the residue A is bonded to one or more hydrogen atoms, where the number of the hydrogen atoms is expressed with n, via one or more heteroatoms which are selected from the group consisting of N and O, and form part of the residue A; and n is an integer of 1 to 9.

Abstract: A gallium phthalocyanine compound represented by the following chemical structure I, where X represents a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted alkenyl group, a substituted or non-substituted alkynyl group, a substituted or non-substituted aralkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted aryl group, or a hydrogen atom, where substitution groups thereof are an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, nitro group, amino group, an aryl group, carboxylic group, and cyano group, R1 to R16 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, nitro group, or aryl group, n represents an integer of from 1 to 3 but excluding a combination in which n is 1 and X is methyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus which is equipped with at least a latent electrostatic image forming unit, a developing unit, a transferring unit, and a fixing unit, wherein the transferring unit is configured to apply a positive electric potential to a visible image formed on the latent electrostatic image bearing member via a recording medium, the latent electrostatic image member has a surface layer which comprises a hardened material hardened by irradiating at least a trifunctional or more radical polymerizable compound having no charge transporting structure, a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure, and a reactive silicone compound having any one of an acryloyloxy group and a methacryloyloxy group, and the concentration of the reactive silicone compound is varied in between the surface part and the innerlayer part of the surface layer.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photoconductor that has a layer containing a compound represented by the following general formula (1), and an image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photoconductor. where R1 and R2 independently represent any one of a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group and substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 independently represent any one of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, amino group, hydroxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group and substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a complex azo pigment comprising an azo compound having the following formula (a): A(H)n??(a) wherein A represents a residue of an azo compound, bonded with n pieces of hydrogen atom through one or more heteroatom being N or O and forming a part of the residue A; H represents a hydrogen atom; and n represents an integer of from 1 to 9, and a pigment.

Abstract: A method of preparing a complex-azo pigment having plural pigment components including at least an azo pigment represented by the following formula (a) A(H)n??(a) Pigments, both limited and unlimited by the process of making.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photoconductor that comprises a support and a cross-linked layer formed over the support, wherein the cross-linked layer comprises at least light curable of radically polymerizable compound, the difference of maximum value of the post-exposure electrical potential and minimum value of the post-exposure electrical potential when writing is conducted under the condition that image static power is 0.53 mW, exposure energy is 4.0 erg/cm2 for the electrophotographic photoconductor is within 30V.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including: an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a crosslinked surface layer located overlying the photosensitive layer, including: a tri- or more functional radical polymerizable monomer having no charge transport structure; and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure, wherein the crosslinked surface layer has a surface roughness (Ra) not greater than 0.2 ?m and a peel strength not less than 0.2 N/mm when measured by the SAICAS method.

Abstract: A corona charger including a corona discharge electrode and a control electrode is provided. A layer including a zeolite, a conductive agent, and a binder resin is formed on a surface of the control electrode.

Abstract: A gallium phthalocyanine compound represented by the following chemical structure I, where X represents a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted alkenyl group, a substituted or non-substituted alkynyl group, a substituted or non-substituted aralkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted aryl group, or a hydrogen atom, where substitution groups thereof are an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, nitro group, amino group, an aryl group, carboxylic group, and cyano group, R1 to R16 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, nitro group, or aryl group, n represents an integer of from 1 to 3 but excluding a combination in which n is 1 and X is methyl group.