Abstract: An image-forming apparatus is disclosed that includes at least one imaging optical system forming an electrostatic latent image on the scanning surface of a medium moving in a sub scanning direction by scanning the scanning surface in a main scanning direction by periodically deflecting a laser beam with a rotary deflector, a pixel clock generation part generating a pixel clock signal for controlling the emission timing of the laser beam and changing the phase of the pixel clock signal, a region setting part setting the length of each of multiple regions based on image writing magnifications in a line in the main scanning direction, the regions being formed by dividing part of the scanning surface corresponding to the line in the main scanning direction, and a phase control part controlling the changing of the phase of the pixel clock signal region by region based on the image writing magnifications.

Abstract: A projection screen 111 comprises a total reflection prism lens 114 and a lenticular lens 115 provided on the viewer's side of the total reflection prism lens 114. The total reflection prism lens 114 has a plurality of unit prisms 113 on its back surface (the outermost plane of incidence) on which imaging light L is incident. Each unit prism 113 has an apical angle ? that corresponds to the angle between the plane of incidence 113a and the plane of total reflection 113b, and the apical angles ? of the unit prisms 113 vary with the position of each unit prism 113 on the screen plane. In particular, the unit prisms 113 have apical angles ? varying continuously from 30° to 45° so that the apical angles ? on the side distant from the center O of the concentric circles are greater than the apical angles ? on the side close to this center O.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is capable of forming a clear image by using laser beams projected from a plurality of laser light sources. The image forming apparatus forms an electrostatic latent image on a medium to be scanned by laser beams, which are projected from a plurality of laser light sources and periodically deflected by a rotational deflecting unit, so that the laser beams scan the medium, which is uniformly charged and moving in a sub-scanning direction, in a main-scanning direction perpendicular to the sub-scanning direction. A pixel clock generating unit generates pixel clocks, which are used for controlling timings of projection of the laser beams, separately for each of the laser light sources, and for performing a phase change of each of the pixel clocks; and a phase control unit that controls independently each of the pixel clocks.

Abstract: One color is determined as a reference, and adjustment is carried out such that other color is matched with a detection signal generated from a synchronous detector of this color. Each control circuit of other color generates a mark pulse signal by determining an optional position based on a DP generated from each synchronous detector. A reference color control circuit receives a mark signal, and measures time relative to the reference. A CPU checks whether a result of this measurement coincides with a target value. The CPU changes the setting according to the difference, and repeats the measurement until when there is no difference, thereby obtains an adjustment value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Fresnel lens sheet that can, in production using a mold, be easily released from the mold and that scarcely produces stray light upon use, and others. Each prism 2 on the incident side of a Fresnel lens sheet 1 is formed to have a nearly triangular cross section and has a plane of refraction 3 that refracts projected light S incident on this plane and a plane of total reflection 4 that totally reflects, toward the viewer's side, at least part of the light refracted at the plane of refraction 3. Each prism 2 is made so that a root 5 between a prism 2 and a prism 3 situated next to the prism 2, on the plane of total reflection side of the prism 2 (a root 5 defined by the plane of refraction 3 of one prism 2B and the plane of total reflection 4 of another prism 2A situated next to the prism 2B, on the side of the plane of refraction 3 of the prism 2B) is curved toward the prism 2A side from the prism 2B side.

Abstract: A lenticular lens sheet having an entrance surface and an exit surface comprises a base part, an entrance lens part forming the entrance surface and having an array of a plurality of convex lens elements capable of gathering light rays. A tinted layer is formed at least in a portion of the entrance lens part near the entrance surface. A light absorbing layer is formed in light-nongathering regions in the exit surface in which light rays refracted by the convex lens elements do not gather.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus provides improved image quality by changing the amount of writing scale compensation for a pixel clock during a scanning cycle. A pixel clock generation unit of the optical scanning apparatus divides the scanning cycle into multiple division periods. A phase change of the pixel clock is carried out for each of the division periods. The phase change can also be different from scanning cycle to scanning cycle.

Abstract: One color is determined as a reference, and adjustment is carried out such that other color is matched with a detection signal generated from a synchronous detector of this color. Each control circuit of other color generates a mark pulse signal by determining an optional position based on a DP generated from each synchronous detector. A reference color control circuit receives a mark signal, and measures time relative to the reference. A CPU checks whether a result of this measurement coincides with a target value. The CPU changes the setting according to the difference, and repeats the measurement until when there is no difference, thereby obtains an adjustment value.

Abstract: A lenticular lens sheet having an entrance surface and an exit surface comprises a base part, an entrance lens part forming the entrance surface and having an array of a plurality of convex lens elements capable of gathering light rays. A tinted layer is formed at least in a portion of the entrance lens part near the entrance surface. A light absorbing layer is formed in light-nongathering regions in the exit surface in which light rays refracted by the convex lens elements do not gather.

Abstract: A lenticular lens sheet having an entrance surface and an exit surface comprises a base part, an entrance lens part forming the entrance surface and having an array of a plurality of convex lens elements capable of gathering light rays. A tinted layer is formed at least in a portion of the entrance lens part near the entrance surface. A light absorbing layer is formed in light-nongathering regions in the exit surface in which light rays refracted by the convex lens elements do not gather.

Abstract: This invention relates to new cephem compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification or a salt thereof, which has antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori, and are useful as anti-Helicobacter pylori agents, anti-gastritis agents, anti-ulcer agents and anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a group of the formula: ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each lower alkyl or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are linked together to form C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkylene, A is lower alkylene, and R.sup.5 is hydroxy or a protected hydroxy group;or a group of the formula: ##STR3## in which R.sup.6 is lower alkyl, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are each hydroxy or a protected hydroxy group, and Y is N or CH, and salts thereof are intermediates for cephem compounds which show antimicrobial activities and which are useful in the treatment of microbial infections.

Abstract: Cephem compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino or a protected amino group,Z is N or CH,R.sup.2 is lower alkyl, mono(or di or tri)halo(lower)alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl(lower)alkyl, carboxy(lower)alkyl or protected carboxy(lower)alkyl, andR is a group of the formula: ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each lower alkyl,A is lower alkylene, andR.sup.5 is hydroxy or a protected hydroxy group; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof show antimicrobial activities and are useful in the treatment of microbial infections.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having deflection scanning type and line type exposing devices and first and second developing devices arranged around a photoconductive element, so that parts around the photoconductive element are arranged with ease to promote the miniaturization of the apparatus. The exposing devices are selected based on the principle that the image quality is enhanced for an image of particular color and is lowered for an image of another color expected to be printed less frequently. Specifically, the deflection scanning type exposing device forms the image of the particular color, and the line type exposing device which has an inherently long optical path and simple structure forms the image of another color. Fans are provided to produce cooling air flow to the line type exposing device and to draw out toner dirt and ozone produced by the charger associated therewith.

Abstract: A bicolor image forming apparatus having first and second exposing means and first and second developing means arranged around a photoconductive element. The first and second developing means are implemented as a deflection scanning type and a line type, respectively. Parts around a photoconductive element are arranged with ease to promote the miniaturization of the apparatus. This stems from the principle that the image quality may be enhanced for an image of particular color and lowered for an image of another color expected to be printed less frequently. Specifically, the apparatus has deflection scanning type exposing means for forming the image of particular color, and line type exposing means which has an inherently long optical path and simple structure for forming the image of another color.

Abstract: Cephem compounds having the following formula are disclosed: ##STR1## R.sup.1 =amino or protected amino R.sup.2 =an organic group ##STR2## R.sup.6 =lower alkyl R.sup.7, R.sup.8 .dbd.OH or protected OHY.dbd.N or CHThe compounds are useful as antimicrobial agents.