Abstract: An electrolyte solution capable of reducing the initial resistance of an electrochemical device, and an electrochemical device including the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution contains a compound represented by formula (I-1): wherein R111 to R113 are each individually a C1-C4 linear alkyl group, and wherein the compound (1-1) is present in an amount of 0.01-1000 mass ppm relative to the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound (1) represented by the formula (1), (wherein R101 and R102 are each individually a substituent such as a C1-C7 alkyl group, and the substituent optionally contains at least one divalent to hexavalent hetero atom in a structure or optionally has a structure obtained by replacing at least one hydrogen atom by a fluorine atom or a C0-C7 functional group) and at least one compound (11) selected from compounds such as a compound represented by formula (11-1) (wherein R111 and R112 are the same as or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom or the like, and R113 is an alkyl group free from a fluorine atom or the like):

Abstract: A service method of connection management for a communication line is established to perform a desired connection of the communication line in accordance with a telephone caller's request when the caller wants to be connected to a called person by way of the communication line. The method includes the steps of: detecting whether or not the communication line is crowded; measuring a passed time of a connected state of the communication line if the communication line is crowded; determining whether or not the passed time of the connected state has reached a predetermined set-up time; and compulsorily interrupting the connected state of the communication line when the passed time of the connected state has reached the predetermined set-up time. Thus, even if a communication line is very crowded because a disaster has happened, it is sure to enable more people to make phone calls, without producing a situation in which the communication line is occupied by only few people.

Abstract: There is provided a selective communication system of communications/satellite/terrestriallines in which three types of terminals of terrestrial terminals having interface only for terrestrial system, satellite terminals having interface only for terrestrial system and satellite/terrestrial terminals having both interfaces for satellite system and terrestrial system are available and allows a group broadcast communication and selection of transmission route for broadcast communication in consideration of not only transmission time but also communication cost and the quality of lines. The system has a structure including above three kinds of terminals, and selects and changes transmission route based on destination included in the output signal, identifying information whether it is broadcast communication or one-to-one communication, and predetermined judgment condition for transmission route when data are transmitted from switchboard to these terminals.

Abstract: A threshold value acting as a standard for switching a satellite communication mode and a cellular communication mode is adapted to use preset fixed threshold value. Thus the problem has arisen that a communication mode is switched in response to a signal level and a threshold value and not with reference to the requirements of a terminal user. A menu screen allowing a terminal user to select a communication mode prioritizing use of a satellite communication mode or an earth-based communication mode is displayed. A communication mode input means and a threshold value variation means are provided. The communication mode input means receives input of a desired communication mode selected by a terminal user.

Abstract: A multiple communication system is comprised of a plurality of communication networks including mobile communication networks. The plurality of communication networks are connected to each other by exchanges. Terminal devices including mobile terminal devices belong to respective communication networks and can communicate with each other via the exchange in the communication network in which the terminal device is accommodated. When a call is originated, the terminal device sends a designated call incoming code for specifying a destination mobile communication network for connection. The exchange connects to the mobile communication network corresponding to the designated incoming call code received from the terminal device.

Abstract: The invention concerns a mobile communication terminal for use in mobile communication or mobile satellite communication. In the mobile communication terminal provided with a DSP for processing a communication signal according to the mode of communication, a CPU for indicating the communication mode to the DSP, and a clock generator for supplying a clock signal to the DSP, the clock generator changes the clock signal for the DSP in response to a request for changing the frequency from the DSP based on the communication mode.

Abstract: A communication circuit fault detector tests a communication circuit by using a sequence generator to generate a test signal, a memory circuit to temporarily store the test signal, and a multiplexer to multiplex the test signal and an input data signal into the communication circuit. A timing generator drives the communication circuit at a rate higher than the normal communication rate, enabling the data signal and test signal to be sent through the communication circuit simultaneously. A demultiplexer demultiplexes the output signal from the communication circuit into an output data signal and a returned test signal. A comparator compares the returned test signal with the test signal stored in the memory circuit and generates a result signal indicating whether they match.

Abstract: A communication circuit fault detector tests a communication circuit by using a sequence generator to generate a test signal, a memory circuit to temporarily store the test signal, and a multiplexer to multiplex the test signal and an input data signal into the communication circuit. A timing generator drives the communication circuit at a rate higher than the normal communication rate, enabling the data signal and test signal to be sent through the communication circuit simultaneously. A demultiplexer demultiplexes the output signal from the communication circuit into an output data signal and a returned test signal. A comparator compares the returned test signal with the test signal stored in the memory circuit and generates a result signal indicating whether they match.

Abstract: A multiplexing apparatus is disclosed in which plural digital data are written into a memory and, stored in it. The data is read out in sequence by a clock to get a subsequent group of digital data. The memory is for storing digital data to be transferred from a certain high-speed circuit to another high-speed circuit and a control device exists for performing a writing and reading-out control of the digital data for the memory. The digital data, to be relayed from a prescribed high-speed circuit of plural high-speed circuits to another high-speed circuit is initially stored. A writing of the digital data of another high-speed circuit card is allowed from the memory means by the control device when this desired high-speed circuit card is being used.