Abstract: An endoscope, at least a part of which is introduced into an object to be observed to image an internal subjects includes; an illuminating device which illuminates the front side and is disposed so that a normal line M is perpendicular to an introduction direction (X direction); and an imaging unit which images the front side and is disposed parallel to the illuminating device. The illuminating device includes an organic light emitting layer which is interposed between two electrodes, a light shielding portion which blocks first light proceeding in a direction of the normal line among the light generated from the organic light emitting layer, and a light extracting portion which is provided at the tip end of the organic light emitting layer and extracts second light proceeding in an in-plane direction of the organic light emitting layer from the tip end among the generated light to emit the second light to the front side.

Abstract: A solid state image pick-up device includes a number of picture elements arranged in a matrix form each picture element being constituted by a MOS transistor and a photodiode, gates of the MOS transistors arranged in a vertical direction are connected to respective horizontal scanning lines which are connected to outputs of a horizontal shift register. Drains of the MOS transistors arranged in a horizontal direction are connected to respective vertical scanning lines both ends of which are connected to first and second signal read-out lines via first and second vertical selection switches, respectively. The first and second vertical shift registers produce first and second vertical scanning pulses which are shifted by given time period corresponding to a desired shutter open time. Each picture element is scanned twice by means of the first and second vertical scanning pulses. By adjusting said time period, the shutter open time can be set at with within a wide range.

Abstract: A solid state image pick-up device includes a number of picture elements arranged in a matrix form. Each picture element being constituted by a MOS transistor and a photodiode, gates of the MOS transistors arranged in the vertical direction are connected to respective horizontal scanning lines which are connected to outputs of a horizontal shift register. Drains of the MOS transistors arranged in a horizontal direction are connected to respective vertical scanning lines both ends of which are connected to first and second signal read-out lines via first and second vertical selection switches, respectively. In the case of effecting a shutter speed control, the first and second vertical shift registers produce first and second vertical scanning pulses which are shifted by a given time period corresponding to a desired shutter open time to scan each picture element twice during each frame period.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for use in an optical device and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The device comprises a plurality of active cells and a plurality of wiring cells. The resistors formed in the device are constituted by combining these wiring cells.