Abstract: A procurement system for procuring a plurality of subjects, comprises a storage, a relation processor, a determining processor, and a bidding processor. The storage is configured to store information on a price, a function, and a quantity of each of the subjects. The relation processor is configured to obtain a relation between prices and functions of the subjects, based on the information stored in the storage. The determining processor is configured to determine a priority, for at least one of the subjects each of whose price is higher than a reference value which corresponds to the function of the each subject. The priority is obtained from the relation obtained by the relation processor. Further, the priority is determined based on the quantity of the each subject stored in the storage and a divergence between the price and the reference value of the each subject.

Abstract: A procurement system for procuring a plurality of subjects, comprises a storage, a relation processor, a determining processor, and a bidding processor. The storage is configured to store information on a price, a function, and a quantity of each of the subjects. The relation processor is configured to obtain a relation between prices and functions of the subjects, based on the information stored in the storage. The determining processor is configured to determine a priority, for at least one of the subjects each of whose price is higher than a reference value which corresponds to the function of the each subject. The priority is obtained from the relation obtained by the relation processor. Further, the priority is determined based on the quantity of the each subject stored in the storage and a divergence between the price and the reference value of the each subject.

Abstract: A novel scintillator channel separator is constructed of a metal thin film and at least two polymer sheets for sandwiching the metal thin film. The scintillator channel separator is used in a scintillator type X-ray detector employed in a third-generation, or fourth-generation X-ray CT system. This scintillator channel separator optically separates scintillation light emitted from scintillator elements from each other within a plurality of scintillator element channels of an X-ray scintillator array. The scintillator channel separator includes at least a first thin film capable of blocking transmission of the scintillation light occurring in the adjoining scintillator element channels; and first and second polymer sheets each having first and second major surfaces, and capable of reflecting the scintillation light.

Abstract: A radiation detector comprises a large number of detector elements each having its detecting surface directed toward a source of radiation and collimator plates each standing in the direction of emission of radiation from the source and placed over a gap between adjacent detector elements. The gap is made greater than the thickness of the collimator plates, reducing the area of the shade of a collimator plate on the radiation detecting surface of the corresponding detector element. Thus, the variations in sensitivity of channels due to variations in the area of the shade of the collimator plates are reduced. The gap permits an adverse effect of the misalignment of the collimator plate on the channel sensitivity to be reduced.

Abstract: In an X-ray detecting device, a plurality of scintillator elements are arranged and assembled in a array which is located on a semiconductor structure. In a semiconductor structure, a plurality of photo-detecting structures are formed in a substrate and are arranged in an array corresponding to the scintillator element array. A trap region is formed in an intermediate region of the substrate surface between the adjacent photo-detecting structures so that an electrical signal which is produced in the intermediate region by light rays generated in the scintillator element is trapped in the trapped region.

Abstract: In an X-ray detecting device for an X-ray computed tomography scanner, an indium tin oxide layer is deposited on a surface of a rectangular scintillator element which opposes X-ray incident surface thereof. The other surfaces of the element are coated with a light reflecting layer. An amorphous silicon film is formed on the indium tim oxide layer to form surface barrier type photo-diode and an electrode is further deposited on the amorphous silicon film. Incident X-rays are converted into light rays in the scintillator element, and light rays are reflected from the reflecting layer to the surface barrier type photo-diode and converted into an electric signal, which is picked up by the electrode.

Abstract: An X-ray CT detector is disclosed which detects the intensity of X-rays emitted from an X-ray source and transmitted through a subject. The detector comprises a multi-channel scintillator element array and a multi-channel photo-semiconductor element array. The scintillator element array and photo-semiconductor element array are bonded together in an arcular form. The scintillator element array consists of a plurality of polycrystalline pieces each constituting a scintillator element which emits light according to X-ray incidence. The photo-semiconductor element array is provided on the outer side of the scintillator element array and consists of an amorphous silicon film. The photo-semiconductor element array has a plurality of photo-semiconductor element sections each corresponding to each scintillator element and detecting the intensity of light emitted from each scintillator element.

Abstract: A light transmitting member is disposed between a scintillator element array consisting of a plurality of scintillator elements and a multichannel photodiode including a plurality of photodiode elements. Light transmitting elements of the light transmitting member are formed of a material whose light transmission factor is higher than that of the scintillator elements and which absorbs radiation (X-rays). Absorbed by the scintillator elements and the light transmitting elements, therefore, incident X-rays are prevented from being projected on the photodiode. On the other hand, light emitted from the scintillator elements is transmitted through the light transmitting member with high light transmission factor, and detected by the photodiode. Thus, the detectable quantity of light is large.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating fluorescent substances used in illumination lamps or cathode ray tubes for television receivers. A gas plasma is produced by passing a gas through a discharge tube. The gas plasma including the active species are directed so as to bring the active species into contact with the fluorescent substance, the fluorescent substance being placed at a region separated from the plasma producing region.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a thin organic film on a substrate which includes a reaction chamber for receiving a substrate on which a thin organic film is to be formed; a microwave discharge tube for supplying the reaction chamber with a carrier gas activated by microwave discharge; a microwave-generating mechanism provided with a hollow resonator for a microwave discharge; and a mechanism for supplying a carrier gas to the microwave discharge tube and a mechanism for supplying the reaction chamber with an organic compound monomer to be polymerized. That region of the microwave discharge tube where a plasma is produced by discharge does not extend to the reaction chamber, but is completely separated therefrom.

Abstract: A process for forming a photoconductive organic film on a substrate by the plasma polymerization reaction of a mixture of an organic compound vapor and a carrier gas activated in a plasma producing region, comprises carrying out the plasma polymerization reaction in the presence of a halogen compound vapor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for treating the surface of a material in a gas plasma generated by microwave discharge. The apparatus comprises a microwave generator, a waveguide for transmitting the microwave generated from the microwave generator, a closed vessel housing a material to be treated, means for introducing a gas into the closed vessel, means for withdrawing the gas from the closed vessel, an antenna means inserted at least partially into the closed vessel, said antenna means serving to pick up the microwave from the waveguide and to deliver said microwave into the closed vessel for producing a gas plasma, and a cylindrical body formed of a microwave-transmitting material, mounted to the closed vessel in an air-tight fashion, and surrounding the antenna means at the portion inserted into the closed vessel.