Abstract: The invention relates to compounds represented by the general formula [I] ##STR1## [wherein Ar means an aryl group or a heteroaryl group which may have a substitutive group selected from a group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group and a lower alkoxy group; R.sup.1 means a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl group which is substitutable with a fluorine atom; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 mean hydrogen atoms, groups represented by --(A.sup.1).sub.m --NH--B or the like; R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 mean hydrogen atoms, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbon groups or the like which are substitutable with a lower alkyl group(s); n means 0 or 1; and X means an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom].Compounds according to the invention, since they not only have potent selective antagonistic activity against muscarinic M.sub.

Abstract: In the production of fluorine-containing 1,4-disubstituted piperidine derivatives by the reaction of a carboxylic acid of formula where Ar represents aryl or heteroaryl and R.sup.10 represents C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl in which up to 4 hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl having 1 to 2 protected or unprotected hydroxyl or oxo groups, or a reactive derivative thereof, with a piperidine derivative of formula [IV] as defined in the specification, especially useful results are obtained using 4-amino-1-(6-aminopyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidine or a salt thereof, e.g., trihydrochloride, as the piperidine derivative.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition for hyperphagia, obesity or diabetes, which comprises such a compound or salt as an active ingredient: ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and W are as defined.

Abstract: Novel fluorine-containing 1,4-disubstituted piperidine derivatives, represented by general formula ?I! ##STR1## such as, for example, (2R)-N-?1-(6-aminopyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl!-2-?(1R)-3,3-difluoroc yclopentyl!-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are potent and selective antagonists for muscarinic M.sub.3 receptors with little side effects. The compounds of formula ?I! exhibit excellent oral activity, duration of activity and pharmacolkinetics. They are useful for treatment and prophylaxis of respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; urinary diseases, such as urinary incontinence; and digestive diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and motion sickness.

Abstract: This invention provides novel 1,4-di-substituted piperidine derivatives of the general formula ?I! ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: Ar represents a phenyl group or a five- or six-membered heteroaromatic group having one or two hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom in which one or two optional hydrogen atoms on the ring may be replaced by substituent groups selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkyl group;R.sup.1 represents a cycloalkyl group of 3 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkenyl group of 3 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sup.2 represents a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 5 to 15 carbon atoms; andX represents O or NH.These compounds have selective antagonistic activity against the muscarinic M.sub.3 receptors and can hence be used safely with a minimum of side effects.

Abstract: Substituted heterocyclic derivatives represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, Q.sup.3, Q.sup.4, X and Y are as defined, including, specifically, the compound (E)-3-[3-[3-(2-methoxymethyl-8,8-dimethyl-4-nonen-6-ynyl)phenoxymethyl]phe nyl]thiophene, exhibit squalene epoxidase inhibiting activity and are useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis.

Abstract: Substituted amine derivatives represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Q is --C--D--E--F--G--M-- or --N--H--I--J--K--L-- [C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are each O, S, a carbonyl group, --CHR.sup.a --, --R.sup.b .dbd. or --NR.sup.c -- (R.sup.a, R.sup.b and R.sup.c are each H or a lower alkyl group), M and N are each an aromatic ring of 5-6 members optionally having a halogen, OH, LN, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, provided that L is not O, S, or --NR.sup.c --]; R is a heterocyclic ring of 5-6 members; R.sup.1 is H, a lower alkyl group, a lower haloalkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkynyl group or a cycloalkyl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each H, a halogen or a lower alkyl group or two of them denote a single bond; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each F, CF.sub.3 or a lower alkyl group or are a cycloalkane in combination thereof; and R.sup.10 is H, F, CF.sub.3 an acetoxy group, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group.

Abstract: Substituted amine derivatives represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Q is -C-D-E- F-G-M- or -N-H-I-J-K-L- [C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are each O, S, a carbonyl group, -CHR.sup.2 -, -R.sup.b = or -NR.sup.c - (R.sup.a, R.sup.b and R.sup.c are each H or a lower alkyl group), M and N are each an aromatic ring of 5-6 members optionally having a halogen, OH, LN, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, provided that L is not O, S, or -NR.sup.c -]; R is a heterocyclic ring of 5-6 members; R.sup.1 is H, a lower alkyl group, a lower haloalkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkynyl group or a cycloalkyl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each H, a halogen or a lower alkyl group or two of them denote a single bond; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each F, CF.sub.3 or a lower alkyl group or are a cycloalkane in combination thereof; and R.sup.10 is H, F, CF.sub. 3 an acetoxy group, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group.

Abstract: The substituted alkylamine derivatives represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents (a) substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-6 alkenyl group, (b) substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-6 cycloalkenyl group, (c) substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-6 alkynyl group, (d) substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, (e) substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, (f) fused heterocyclic group which may be substituted, or (g) group represented by the formula Ru.sup.11 -Ar wherein R.sup.11 is a heterocyclic group and Ar is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring which may contain a hetero N, O or S atom, and which may be substituted; ##STR2## represents a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring which may contain a hetero N, O or S atom, and may be substituted by R.sup.7,X and Y are linking groups,R.sup.2 is H or lower alkyl,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl or lower cycloalkyl,R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen or halogen atoms,R.sup.

Abstract: An L-dopa derivative represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom and the other denotes a group of formula R--CO-- in which R denotes an alkyl, alkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, lower alkoxy or optionally substituted aralkyloxy group,and its acid addition salt. The compounds are useful in the medical field, especially in the treatment of a series of diseases called Parkinson's disease or Parkinsonism.

Abstract: A 1,3-dithiole derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl or aralkyl group or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or alkenylene group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, which may contain a cycloalkylene group, an o-phenylene group or a hetero atom selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom which may have a substituent, and Q is an acid residue useful for the treatment of liver diseases.

Abstract: A 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R and R.sup.1 which may be the same or different, is a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a lower alkoxyalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, aralkyl or heterocyclic group, or R and R.sup.1 together form a substituted or unsubstituted ethylene or trimethylene group.

Abstract: A sanitary napkin comprising an absorbent, a liquid-impervious layer covering the bottom, sides and top edge of the absorbent and a non-woven wrapper fabric covering the absorbent and the liquid-impervious layer, wherein the non-woven fabric has a double layer structure comprising a web layer in which most of the fibers are oriented uniformly and another web layer in which the fibers are randomly arranged.

Abstract: A water-absorbing sheet assembly comprises two sheets, at least one of which is a water-permeable sheet, and a polymeric absorbent inserted between said two sheets, wherein at least a part of said two sheets are pressed and bonded to each other.

Abstract: There is disclosed a non-woven fabric suitable as the envelope for a sanitary napkin which has an integrated three-layer structure including a first layer forming the surface falling in contact with the skin, a third layer forming the back face and a second layer interposed between said two layers, said envelope being characterized in that (a) the first layer is composed of rayon fibers having 1.5 to 3 deniers and thermoplastic fibers, the weight ratio of the rayon fibers to the thermoplastic fibers is in the range of from 40/60 to 70/30 and the rayon fibers and thermoplastic fibers are densely compacted (b) the second layer is composed of rayon fibers having a fineness of 3 to 7 deniers and thermoplastic fibers, the weight ratio of the rayon fibers to the thermoplastic fibers is in the range of from 60/40 to 90/10 and the rayon fibers and thermoplastic fibers are loosely compacted, (c) the third layer is composed of rayon fibers having a fineness of 1.

Abstract: An absorbent material companies a non-woven fabric including thermoplastic fibers, on which a highly absorbing, hydrophilic polymetric substance is scattered and which is thermally set.

Abstract: A tampon comprises an applicator having an outer cylinder and an absorbent material push-out portion and an absorbing material contained in said applicator, characterized in that the inner diameter of the rear end portion of said outer cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the barrel portion of said cylinder and said absorbent material push-out portion has a cavity in the center thereof and comprises a push-out top end contained in said outer cylinder and an inserting supporting piece connected to said push-out top end and folded outwardly from outer cylinder.

Abstract: A disposable absorbent article in which the surface material is a non-woven fabric comprising from 60 to 90 wt. % of hydrophilic fibers and the balance, i.e., from 40 to 10 wt. %, of the fabric is hydrophobic fibers, and wherein the hydrophilic fibers used therein comprise two kinds of fibers of different thicknesses, i.e., from 10 to 90 wt. % of hydrophilic fibers having a thickness of from 1.5 to 3 denier and the balance of from 90 to 10 wt. % of hydrophilic fibers having a thickness of from 4 to 7 denier.

Abstract: A hair brush having bristles of at least two different lengths projecting from the hair brush body. The longer bristles have enlarged, substantially spherical ends, the diameters of which are larger than the nominal diameters of the bristles.

Abstract: A unit dosage form comprising one or more active ingredients and a water-soluble binder in which the water-soluble binder comprises, as a main component, a product obtained by condensing a polyoxyethylene alkyl, alkylphenyl or alkenyl ether having the following formula (I):r-o--(ch.sub.2 ch.sub.2 o).sub.n H (I)wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or alkylphenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and n is an integer of from 50 to 500, with 1-epoxyethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane having the following formula (II): ##STR1## the molar ratio of the compound of the formula (II) to the compound of the formula (I) being in the range of from 0.05 to 2.5.