Abstract: A liquid crystal display element is provided which can clearly and simultaneously produce analog and digital displays. The analog display is produced by a first liquid crystal layer provided near a reflecting plate while the digital is made by a second liquid crystal layer disposed adjacent to the first liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a plurality of display sections each formed of a plurality of common electrodes and corresponding segment electrodes to display a character is disclosed. The device comprises a plurality of liquid crystal display elements piled in the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the device. Each of the liquid crystal display elements includes ones selected from the above-mentioned common electrodes and segment electrodes corresponding to the selected common electrodes to reduce the number of common electrodes included in each liquid crystal display element, thereby reducing the number of common electrode leads provided in each liquid crystal display element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device assembly is of a two-layer construction including a first TN liquid crystal display device of a dot-matrix electrode pattern and a second TN liquid crystal display device of a segment electrode pattern disposed on the first display device in laminated relation. The product of refractivity anisotropy and thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the first liquid crystal display device is smaller than 0.6 .mu.m, and that of the second liquid crystal display device is 0.6 .mu.m or more.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a structural arrangement that a plurality of liquid crystal layers each for displaying a pattern are piled up and a pair of polarizers are provided above an uppermost liquid crystal layer and below a lowermost liquid crystal layer, is disclosed in which a polarizer is interposed between adjacent liquid crystal layers in such a manner that adjacent ones of the polarizers are different in direction of transmission axis from each other, in order to eliminate a white on black portion caused by an overlap of the patterns and to thereby reduce the area of a display region; or in which a white on black portion caused by an overlap of the patterns is used as a display portion to form a display pattern having a predetermined shape and to open up new possibilities for color display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a pair of upper and lower substrates disposed in opposition to each other with upper and lower electrode patterns being formed on the inner surfaces of the substrates, respectively. A part or all of cross-over portions of wiring conductors of the upper and the lower electrode patterns are disposed within an effective display region with the width of the wiring conductors being reduced at the cross-over portions. The cross-over portions disposed within the effective display region are located with a predetermined distance from a display pattern to be produced. A failure such as a short-circuit formed between the upper and the lower electrode patterns is significantly reduced, while the area of the active display region can be increased.

Abstract: A method for driving a liquid crystal display element so as to give a simultaneous analogue display of 3 kinds of information. The liquid crystal display element is driven over 1/3-duty periods by applying 4 kinds of voltage waveforms to one electrode formed on one of paired substrates, and at least 5 kinds of voltage waveforms to the other electrode on the other substrate, said electrodes being divided into a multiplicity of electrode patterns. In particular, one of the 4 kinds of voltage waveforms applied to the electrodes of one of said substrates is set to provide an OFF condition for the display regardless of which of the at least 5 voltage waveforms is applied to the electrodes of said other substrate. In this driving method only one chip of the element driving LSI is sufficient for a simultaneous analogue display of 3 kinds of information e.g. hour, minute, and second.

Abstract: In a twisted nematic type liquid crystal display element wherein two electrode substrates, in which an electrode having desired patterns and an orientation controlling film for facilitating the orientation of liquid crystal molecules along a given direction are disposed in this order on the inner surface of each transparent substrate such as glass, are placed in parallel with a certain distance, the periphery of the transparent substrates are sealed with a sealing medium, and a nematic liquid crystal is enclosed in the space thus produced, the one characterized by using as the orientation controlling film a film of polymer having imide rings and as the sealing medium a calcined glass having a low melting point obtained by adding 1 to 5 parts by weight of either SiO.sub.2 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or both of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 to 100 parts by weight of a composition comprising:B.sub.2 O.sub.3 --7.5-14.5% by weight,PbO--71.5-81.2% by weight,ZnO--0-14.0% by weight,CuO--0-3.0% by weight, andBi.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a liquid crystal display element is disclosed, in which two substrates to be provided with electrodes are prepared, at least one of the substrates having a specific portion extending outwardly beyond the peripheral edge of the other substrate when they are assembled. A sealing material layer is formed on the surface provided with the electrode of the substrate, which layer includes a specific section extending along the peripheral edge of the specific portion and being formed on the substrate having the specific portion. The substrates are disposed one above the other through the sealing material layer, with the peripheral edge of one of the substrates corresponding to the peripheral edge of the specific portion of the other substrate being positioned within the range of the width of the specific section of the sealing material layer. The thus assembled substrates and sealing material layer are heated.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a liquid crystal container for a liquid crystal display element, which process comprises the steps of applying a low-melting glass frit paste to at least one of a pair of glass substrates, subjecting this glass substrate to primary firing in an open condition in which the paste is in no contact with any matters, and while holding the pair of the glass substrates in their accurate relative positions, subjecting the glass substrates to secondary firing to seal the pair of the glass substrates with the glass frit. The process preferably comprises the step of applying, prior to the step of secondary firing, a low-melting glass frit paste to one of the glass substrates so as to reliably hold the pair of the glass substrates in the accurate relative positions.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display element having a twisted structure wherein the periphery of two transparent glass substrates having electrodes according to desired display patterns is sealed with a sealing medium and a liquid crystal is enclosed in the space thus produced, the one characterized by having an undercoating film of metal oxide on the inner surface of each glass substrate, having a transparent electrode on each undercoating film of metal oxide and having an orientation controlling film made from an organic polymer and having abrasion grooves along a certain direction on each electrode can give a liquid crystal display element excellent in heat resistance of the orientation controlling film, excellent in adhesion to the glass substrates, and the like without causing a voltage drop, or without damaging rising of voltage-brightness property and response property.