Abstract: A process for producing 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone is provided wherein resorcinol and acetic acid are reacted in the presence of a proton acid catalyst while removing formed water.

Abstract: An optically active 5-methylenedioxolan-4-one derivative is subjected to Diels-Alder reaction with cyclopentadiene, and the resulting Diels-Alder reaction product is hydrolyzed to convert it into an optically active 2-hydroxynorbornene-2-carboxylic acid, which is then subjected to catalytic hydrogenation to form an optically active 2-hydroxynorbornane-2-carboxylic acid. The hydroxycarboxylic acid is subjected to oxidative decarboxylation to obtain an optically active 2-norbornanone.

Abstract: A phenol, a formaldehyde and an unsaturated compound having carbon-carbon double bond are reacted in the presence of a secondary amine and an acid at a temperature of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C., to give a chroman.

Abstract: A process for producing (.+-.)-2,2,2,5a-tetramethyl-1-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxydecalin, comprising the steps of allowing a carbonate of dihydro-.beta.-vinyl-ionol to react with carbon monoxide in the presence of a palladium catalyst to form .beta.-monocyclohomofarnesic acid, cyclizing said .beta.-monocyclohomofarnesic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst to form (.+-.)-norambreinolid, and hydrolyzing said (.+-.)-norambreinolide to form (.+-.)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxydecalin.

Abstract: A process for producing vitamin A acid, having useful biological activity, which comprises oxidizing vitamin A aldehyde with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chlorite in the presence of an acid.

Abstract: (-)-2,5,5,8a-Tetramethyl-1-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxydecalin is subjected to lactonization by dehydration to form decahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl(3a.alpha.,5a.beta.,9a.alpha.,9b.beta.)-(+) -naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2(1H)-one, which is then reduced with a metal hydride to convert it into (-)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxydecalin, followed by dehydrative cyclization to give L-ambrox.The (-)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxydecalin is produced from its racemic mixture. The resolution is performed using a 1-(aryl)ethylamine. The starting material for the synthesis is beta-ionone.

Abstract: 2-Methyl-1-naphthol is obtained by isomerization of 2-methylene-1-tetralone. For the isomerization of 2-methylene-1-tetralone there is used a Pd-, Rh- or Ru-based catalyst that has been previously treated with hydrogen gas. 2-Methylene-1-tetralone synthesized from 1-tetralone by the Mannich reaction can be used for this purpose.

Abstract: Provided is a process which comprises conducting the ring-closure of pseudoirone in the presence of chlorosulfonic acid, which is inexpensive, to obtain in a high yield the .alpha.-cis form of irone, which has nearly the same fragrance as that of natural irones.

Abstract: The present invention provides conjugated .gamma.-hydroxybutenolide compounds represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents, when n is 1, furyl groups, thienyl groups or naphthyl groups, unsubstituted or substituted with alkyl group or alkoxy group; phenyl groups substituted with dialkylamino group, acyl group or pyridinyl group; or ##STR2## when n is 2 or 3, phenyl groups unsubstituted or substituted with alkyl group or alkoxy group; and antiulcer agents comprising an aforementioned conjugated .gamma.-hydroxybutenolide compound as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A skin depigmental agent characterized by comprising a resorcinol derivative having a linear alkyl group is provided.

Abstract: A novel and useful method for treating and/or preventing ulcer in human beings is provided which comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of the conjugated .gamma.-oxybutenolide compounds represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different and represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, nitro groups, cyano groups or halogen atoms; and optionally at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Described is a new chemical, 2-cyano-4-phenyl pentane, and the fragrance or perfume compositions containing said 2-cyano-4-phenyl pentane, in which the aroma of said 2-cyano-4-phenyl pentane is effectively imparted.

Abstract: Novel ethylene oxide adducts are provided. They have properties suited for their use as base components of cosmetics and ointments. Thus, cosmetics and ointments containing those ethylene oxide adducts are also provided. There is further provided a method of producing such ethylene oxide adducts in high yields.

Abstract: Novel pesticidal compositions are comprised of a 2,2-dimethyl-3-(substituted ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester as the active ingredient, said cyclopropanecarboxylate having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein X, Y and Z are the same or different and at least two of same are chlorine or bromine, with the remaining one being hydrogen, methyl, chlorine or bromine; R is an alcohol residue represented by one of the following structural formulae (II), (III), (IV) and (V): ##STR2## where A represents hydrogen, cyano, ethynyl or thiocarbamoyl; Q is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl; R.sup.1 is propargyl or benzyl; R.sup.2 represents 2-halogeno-3-phenyl-1-propen-1-yl, (dihalogenovinyloxy)phenyl, benzylphenyl, phthalimido, thiophthalimido, di- or tetrahydrophthalimido or dialkylmaleimido; R.sup.3 represents allyl, 2,4-pentadienyl, propargyl or benzyl.

Abstract: Novel pesticidal compositions are comprised of a 2,2-dimethyl-3-(substituted ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester as the active ingredient, said cyclopropanecarboxylate having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein X, Y and Z are the same or different and at least two of same are chlorine or bromine, with the remaining one being hydrogen, methyl, chlorine or bromine; R is an alcohol residue represented by one of the following structural formulae (II), (III), (IV) and (V): ##STR2## where A represents hydrogen, cyano, ethynyl or thiocarbamoyl; Q is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl; R.sup.1 is propargyl or benzyl; R.sup.2 represents 2-halogeno-3-phenyl-1-propen-1-yl, (dihalogenovinyloxy)phenyl, benzylphenyl, phthalimido, thiophthalimido, di- or tetrahydrophthalimido or dialkylmaleimido; R.sup.3 represents allyl, 2,4-pentadienyl, propargyl or benzyl.

Abstract: Racemic modifications each consisting of specific isomers of .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl cis- or trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate with the absolute configurations [.alpha.S, 1R] an [.alpha.R, 1S] with respect to the asymmetric carbon atoms in the alcohol and acid moieties, a method of producing the same and pesticidal compositions containing the same as active ingredient are provided. .alpha.-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl cis- or trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate has higher pesticidal activities than those pesticides that are in general use and consequently selective production of the above specific racemic modification as defined by the combinations of the absolute configuration with respect to the asymmetric carbon atom at the position in the alcohol moiety and the absolute configuration with respect to the asymmetric carbon atom in the acid moiety provides compounds having still higher pesticidal activities.

Abstract: Novel pesticidal compositions are comprised of a 2,2-dimethyl-3-(substituted ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester as the active ingredient, said cyclopropanecarboxylate having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein X, Y and Z are the same or different and at least two of same are chlorine or bromine, with the remaining one being hyrogen, methyl, chlorine or bromine; R is an alcohol residue represented by one of the following structural formulae (II), (III), (IV) and (V): ##STR2## where A represents hydrogen, cyano, ethynyl or thiocarbamoyl; Q is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl; R.sup.1 is propargyl or benzyl; R.sup.2 represents 2-halogeno-3-phenyl-1-propen-1-yl, (dihalogenovinyloxy)phenyl, benzylphenyl, phthalimido, thiophthalimido, di- or tetrahydrophthalimido or dialkylmaleido; R.sup.3 represents allyl, 2,4-pentadienyl, propargyl or benzyl.

Abstract: 1,1,1-Trihalogeno-4-methyl pentenes and 1,1-dihalogeno-4-methyl-1,3-pentadienes are produced. These compounds are of value as intermediates for the production of pyrethrin analogs which are of use as insecticides or agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: 2,7,10,15,18,23-Hexamethyltetracosane is a novel compound. This compound is prepared [1] by hydrogenating 2,7,10,15,18,23-hexamethyltetracosa-1,6,18,23-tetraene-11,13-diyne-10,15-d iol [itself a novel compound] or 2,7,10,15,18,23-hexamethyltetracosa-11,13-diyne-10,15-diol, dehydrating the hydrogenated intermediates, and thence hydrogenating the dehydrated precursors, or [2] by selectively, partially hydrogenating the said 10,15-diol compounds and thence hydrogenolyzing the precursor diols, or [3] by hydrogenolyzing the said 10,15-diol compounds, or [4] by hydrogenolyzing the hydrogenated intermediates of the reaction [1]. The compound, 3,6,11-trimethyl-undeca-6,11-dien-1-yl-3-ol, a starting material intermediate, is also a novel compound.

Abstract: 1,1,1-Trihalogeno-4-methyl pentenes and 1,1-dihalogeno-4-methyl-1,3-pentadienes are produced. These compounds are of value as intermediates for the production of pyrethrin analogs which are of use as insecticides or agricultural chemicals.