Abstract: An electronic calculator includes: a display device; a user interface; a memory device; and a processor that is operable with the memory device to: perform a calculation to convert a fractional number into a decimal number; control the display device to display the decimal number, when the decimal number is a repeating decimal, with a symbol indicating a periodic block included in the repeating decimal control the display device to display a scroll indicator indicating that the displayed repeating decimal is scrollable when the number of digits included in the repeating decimal overflows the number of digits displayable by the display device; control the display device to display an undisplayed part of the repeating decimal to scroll in when a scroll command is input by the user through the user interface while the scroll indicator is displayed.

Abstract: On one of a pair of substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal, a pair of signal lines, a pair of scanning lines intersecting these signal lines at right angles, a picture element electrode arranged in the region surrounded by the signal lines and the scanning lines, and a first alignment layer on which alignment treatment is applied in a first alignment direction, are formed. On the other of the substrates, a counter electrode, and a second alignment layer on which alignment treatment is applied in a second alignment direction, are formed. The alignment treatments on the first and second alignment layers are mutually carried out so that the side of the picture element electrode at which an optical leakage caused by disclination of a liquid crystal appears largest is near one of the pair of signal lines.

Abstract: An underlying electrode is formed on nearly the entire surface of an opposing substrate and a color filter is formed on the underlying electrode. An overcoat layer is formed on the color filter. A stripe-shaped overlying electrode connected to the underlying electrode and extending to a part of each pixel area is formed on the overcoat layer, and an alignment film is formed on the overlying electrode. Formed on a TFT substrate are TFT's, pixel electrodes and another alignment film which covers the TFT's and pixel electrodes. A liquid crystal is provided between both substrates. When a drive voltage is applied between the underlying electrode and the pixel electrodes, the drive voltage is applied almost directly to the liquid crystal between the overlying electrode and the pixel electrodes, and a drive voltage dropped by the color filter and overcoat layer is applied to the liquid crystal between the underlying electrode and the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: On one of a pair of substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal, a pair of signal lines, a pair of scanning lines intersecting these signal lines at right angles, a picture element electrode arranged in the region surrounded by the signal lines and the scanning lines, and a first alignment layer on which alignment treatment is applied in a first alignment direction, are formed. On the other of the substrates, a counter electrode, and a second alignment layer on which alignment treatment is applied in a second alignment direction, are formed. The alignment treatments on the first and second alignment layers are mutually carried out so that the side of the picture element electrode at which an optical leakage caused by disclination of a liquid crystal appears largest is near one of the pair of signal lines.

Abstract: A polarizer is arranged on the incident side of a TN type liquid crystal cell in which the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is twist-aligned through substantially 90.degree. in a direction from one substrate to the opposite substrate and the value of a product .DELTA.n.sub.c.d.sub.c of a refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n.sub.c and a gap d.sub.c is set within a range of 300 to 600 nm, and an analyzer is arranged on the exit side of the liquid crystal cell. A twist-aligned retardation plate, in which the arrangement of polymer molecules is twist-aligned through 90.degree. in a direction opposite to the twist direction of the twist orientation of the liquid crystal molecules and the value of .DELTA.n.d ranges between 100 and 600 nm, is arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the analyzer.

Abstract: In an STN type liquid crystal display device, two retardation plates are located one on each side of an STN liquid crystal cell. A twist angle .phi..sub.0 of the liquid crystal cell is set to fall within the range of 200.degree. to.DELTA.n.multidot.d value of the liquid crystal is set to 240.degree., and the .DELTA.n.multidot.d value of the liquid crystal is set to fall within the range of 700 nm to 900 nm (measurement wavelength: 589 nm). With respect to the direction of aligning treatment of an incident-side substrate, the light-transmitting axis of a polarizer is inclined at an angle falling within the range of 140.degree. to 180.degree., the light-transmitting axis of an analyzer is inclined at an angle falling within the range of (270.degree.-.vertline..phi..sub.0 .vertline./2).+-.10.degree., the phase delay axis of the first retardation plate is inclined at an angle falling within the range of (180.degree.-.vertline..phi..sub.0 .vertline./2) to (180.degree.-.vertline..phi..sub.0 .vertline./2)+30.degree.

Abstract: An STN liquid crystal display device includes a polarizer and an analyzer which are arranged to sandwich an STN liquid crystal cell, and two biaxial retardation plates arranged between a substrate of the liquid crystal cell and the analyzer. The polarizer is arranged such that its light-transmitting axis is inclined at about 140.degree. with respect to an incident-side aligning treatment direction of the liquid crystal cell. The analyzer is arranged such that its light-transmitting axis is inclined at about 55.degree. with respect to the incident-side aligning treatment direction. The biaxial retardation plate on the liquid crystal cell side is arranged such that its phase delay axis is inclined at about 40.degree. with respect to the incident-side aligning treatment direction. The biaxial retardation plate on the analyzer side is arranged such that its phase delay axis is inclined at about 5.degree. with respect to the incident-side aligning treatment direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates bonded with each other with an annular seal sandwiched therebetween. A liquid crystal is filled in a sealed space between the substates, molecules of which are so aligned that they are twisted at 90.degree.. The value of a product .DELTA.nd of the refractive-index anisotropy .DELTA.n of a LC layer and the LC layer thickness d falls from 350 nm to 700 nm. A first electrode and a first aligning film executed by an aligning treatment in a predetermined first direction and covering the electrode are formed on an inner surface of the first substrate. Second electrodes and a second aligning film executed by an aligning treatment in a second direction different at 90.degree. from the first direction and covering the electrode are formed on an inner surface of the second substrate.