Abstract: An optical element includes: a pit forming portion of a material that forms a pit in the vicinity of each focal point of a predetermined light beam upon condensation, wherein the pits are formed in such a manner that the volume percentage of the pits with respect to the material at distances from a light incident face becomes smaller away from the incident face.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biometric authentication apparatus realizing reduction in thickness while holding high authentication precision. The biometric authentication apparatus includes: a light source emitting light in a wavelength range including a wavelength range for authentication toward a living body; a microlens array condensing light from the living body and selectively transmitting light in the wavelength range for authentication; an imaging device obtaining image data of the living body on the basis of the light condensed by the microlens array; and an authentication unit authenticating the living body on the basis of the image data obtained by the imaging device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a backlight and a light guide plate, a method of manufacturing a diffuser and the light guide plate, and to a liquid crystal display apparatus, all enabling a cost reduction by reducing the parts count and curtailing unnecessary manufacturing processing. A diffuser 261 has a light distribution layer 181 including a prismatic surface wherein stripe grooves or asperities are arrayed in parallel with each other, a diffusion layer 182 containing diffusion elements 191 for diffusing incident light, and a light incidence control layer 271 including a prismatic surface wherein stripe grooves or asperities are arrayed in parallel on a side of fluorescent tubes 131. The diffusion layer 182 is formed from the same resin, and only the diffusion elements 191 are formed from a different resin.

Abstract: A light guiding plate includes: an X axis direction light distribution control section; and a diffuse reflection section. The X axis direction light distribution control section performs light distribution control by which the incident light is deflected such that a tilt of an X axis direction with respect to a normal direction approaches to zero, and outputted from the light emitting surface. A direction of the incident light is the X axis direction, a direction orthogonal to the X axis direction and parallel to the light emitting surface is a Y axis direction, and a direction vertical to the X axis direction and the Y axis direction is the normal direction. The diffuse reflection section reflects the guided incident light from the light incident surface to diffuse in the Y axis direction inside of the light guiding plate and guides to the X axis direction light distribution control section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a backlight and a light guide plate, a method of manufacturing a diffuser and the light guide plate, and to a liquid crystal display apparatus, all enabling a cost reduction by reducing the parts count and curtailing unnecessary manufacturing processing. A diffuser 261 has a light distribution layer 181 including a prismatic surface wherein stripe grooves or asperities are arrayed in parallel with each other, a diffusion layer 182 containing diffusion elements 191 for diffusing incident light, and a light incidence control layer 271 including a prismatic surface wherein stripe grooves or asperities are arrayed in parallel on a side of fluorescent tubes 131. The diffusion layer 182 is formed from the same resin, and only the diffusion elements 191 are formed from a different resin.

Abstract: A light guiding plate includes: an X axis direction light distribution control section; and a diffuse reflection section. The X axis direction light distribution control section performs light distribution control by which the incident light is deflected such that a tilt of an X axis direction with respect to a normal direction approaches to zero, and outputted from the light emitting surface. A direction of the incident light is the X axis direction, a direction orthogonal to the X axis direction and parallel to the light emitting surface is a Y axis direction, and a direction vertical to the X axis direction and the Y axis direction is the normal direction. The diffuse reflection section reflects the guided incident light from the light incident surface to diffuse in the Y axis direction inside of the light guiding plate and guides to the X axis direction light distribution control section.

Abstract: Provided are a reflective liquid crystal display and a light guide plate capable of eliminating a decline in virtual contrast properties of a display screen in a reflective liquid crystal display comprising a light guide plate with a prism unit so as to display an excellent image. An antireflective film (40) is formed on a planar surface of a light guide plate (50) which is disposed so as to face a viewing side of a liquid crystal display panel (10). The antireflective film (40) inhibits light reflection on the planar surface of the light guide plate (50). Moreover, an adhesive layer (51) is provided to improve the adhesion of the antireflective film (40) to the planar surface of the light guide plate (50).

Abstract: Systems and methods of the present invention are directed to an optical element that includes a diffraction grating, an inclined surface, good optical characteristics, and an optical element manufacturing metal die. The optical element manufacturing metal die is capable of injection molding of an optical element having a complex structure. Further, the optical element manufacturing metal die includes nestings that have a plurality of mirror surface forming portions. The pluralilty of mirror surface forming portions include a plurality adjoining pairs of mirror surfaces. The plurality of mirror surface forming portions are molded by two adjoining pairs of the plurality of adjoining pairs of mirror surface forming portions, which are formed on the same nesting. At least one of the plurality of mirror surface forming portions are formed by a mirror surface grinding method.

Abstract: An optical element having a complex structure of diffraction grating, an inclined surface, a difference in level and the like and of good optical characteristics, its manufacturing method, and an optical element manufacturing metal die capable of injection molding the optical element are disclosed. By using an optical element manufacturing metal die constituted to have nestings which have mirror surface forming portions two adjoining pairs of mirror surfaces of the optical element are molded by two adjoining pairs of mirror surface forming portions which are formed on the same nesting. The optical element manufacturing metal die is constituted to include the nesting having a diffraction grating forming portion in which a predetermined concave-convex pattern for molding the diffraction grating of the optical element is formed on one surface of a substrate.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide an optical element having a complex structure of diffraction grating, an inclined surface, a difference in level and the like and of good optical characteristics and its manufacturing method as well as an optical element manufacturing metal die capable of injection molding of the optical element even with the complex structure. By using an optical element manufacturing metal die constituted to have nestings which have mirror surface forming portions two adjoining pairs of mirror surfaces of the optical element are molded by two adjoining pairs of mirror surface forming portions which are formed on the same nesting.