Abstract: There is provided a system which enables human-like automatic bidding by combining a plurality of processing functions with a bidding logic of absentee agents for absent participants of an auction system. Absentee agents, present in an auction server, receive price distribution and perform bidding similarly to on-site human participants. Absentee information is given to the absentee agent at the start of an auction, and absentee agents make bids autonomously and in cooperation with one another. In order to perform the human-like bidding, each agent makes a bid by combining (1) bidding possibility determination processing, (2) final bidding determination processing, (3) repeat bidding determination processing, (4) repeat bidding prohibition determination processing, (5) right acquisition bidding determination processing, and (6) character bidding determination processing.

Abstract: There is provided a system which enables human-like automatic bidding by combining a plurality of processing functions with a bidding logic of absentee agents for absent participants of an auction system. Absentee agents, present in an auction server, receive price distribution and perform bidding similarly to on-site human participants. Absentee information is given to the absentee agent at the start of an auction, and absentee agents make bids autonomously and in cooperation with one another. In order to perform the human-like bidding, each agent makes a bid by combining (1) bidding possibility determination processing, (2) final bidding determination processing, (3) repeat bidding determination processing, (4) repeat bidding prohibition determination processing, (5) right acquisition bidding determination processing, and (6) character bidding determination processing.

Abstract: A disk brake including friction pads disposed opposite to a brake disk, a bracket provided with support portions for movably supporting the friction pads so as to permit sliding along the axial direction of the brake disk, and retainers each interposed between the friction pad and the support portions, to restrain at least movements of the retainers relative to the support portions of the bracket. Of a pad holding force with which the retainer holds the friction pad, and a retainer supporting force for supporting the retainer on the support portion, at least the retainer supporting force is set to be not less than a received force exerted on the friction pad due to vibration. The resulting configuration prevents generation of rattling sounds due to the vibration.

Abstract: In a disk brake of a vehicle, a caliper device which supports pads that can be pressed against a brake disk rotating with a wheel and which exerts a force to press the pads against the brake disk, is supported on a support member that supports an axle of the wheel. A recess that allows an entire thickness of the pad to be always visually identified from outside, is provided in a portion of a member that constitutes the caliper device, the portion covering the pad from outside. Thus, a degree of freedom in positioning of the caliper device is increased in checking a remaining amount of a pad.

Abstract: In a disk brake of a vehicle, a caliper device which supports pads that can be pressed against a brake disk rotating with a wheel and which exerts a force to press the pads against the brake disk, is supported on a support member that supports an axle of the wheel. A recess that allows an entire thickness of the pad to be always visually identified from outside, is provided in a portion of a member that constitutes the caliper device, the portion covering the pad from outside. Thus, a degree of freedom in positioning of the caliper device is increased in checking a remaining amount of a pad.

Abstract: A disk brake including friction pads disposed opposite to a brake disk, a bracket provided with support portions for movably supporting the friction pads so as to permit sliding along the axial direction of the brake disk, and retainers each interposed between the friction pad and the support portions, to restrain at least movements of the retainers relative to the support portions of the bracket. Of a pad holding force with which the retainer holds the friction pad, and a retainer supporting force for supporting the retainer on the support portion, at least the retainer supporting force is set to be not less than a received force exerted on the friction pad due to vibration. The resulting configuration prevents generation of rattling sounds due to the vibration.

Abstract: A head pipe that supports a handle for a scooter type vehicle is covered with a front cover. Article container boxes are disposed in an upper portion of a rear side of the front cover, and a parking lever is disposed below the article container boxes. Accordingly, an opening of each article container box can be made larger and it is possible to increase the capacity of each container box. Large article container boxes can be disposed in the front cover and in the vicinity of the handle. A parking lever can be disposed in the front cover and in the vicinity of the handle at a position permitting a vehicle rider to easily reach and operate the lever without requiring any forced motion.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes a rear wheel supported by a swing arm, and a damper extends between the swing arm and the body. A swing arm extension portion extends in the rearward direction from a rear wheel shaft supporting portion of the swing arm. The damper is connected to a rear end connecting portion of the swing arm extension portion. A brake device includes a parking brake caliper and a rear brake caliper. The parking brake caliper and the rear brake caliper are arranged above and below the swing arm extension portion. The rear brake caliper and the parking brake caliper can be mounted without shifting the swing arm toward the outside in the body in the width direction more than necessary.

Abstract: A head pipe that supports a handle for a scooter type vehicle is covered with a front cover. Article container boxes are disposed in an upper portion of a rear side of the front cover, and a parking lever is disposed below the article container boxes. Accordingly, an opening of each article container box can be made larger and it is possible to increase the capacity of each container box. Large article container boxes can be disposed in the front cover and in the vicinity of the handle. A parking lever can be disposed in the front cover and in the vicinity of the handle at a position permitting a vehicle rider to easily reach and operate the lever without requiring any forced motion.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes a rear wheel supported by a swing arm, and a damper extends between the swing arm and the body. A swing arm extension portion extends in the rearward direction from a rear wheel shaft supporting portion of the swing arm. The damper is connected to a rear end connecting portion of the swing arm extension portion. A brake device includes a parking brake caliper and a rear brake caliper. The parking brake caliper and the rear brake caliper are arranged above and below the swing arm extension portion. The rear brake caliper and the parking brake caliper can be mounted without shifting the swing arm toward the outside in the body in the width direction more than necessary.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of thrombin which can convert prothrombin into thrombin highly efficiently even in the absence of thromboplastin and blood plasma, easily obtain a starting material for use in the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, and prepare and purify thrombin in an industrial scale. It is characterized in treating a prothrombin-containing aqueous solution with a Ca salt at 0 to 15.degree. C.