Abstract: A method of fabricating a photo-device includes the steps of forming an optically nontransparent, electrically conductive layer on the surface of a photoelectric conversion substrate, and transferring a portion of the optically nontransparent, electrically conductive layer using a scanning probe process apparatus to form, over an optical window, a light-permeable protective insulation structure of a region of the optical window on the substrate surface beneath the light-permeable protective insulation structure.

Abstract: An apparatus of measuring an electric signal comprises a laser device, optical elements, an electrooptic crystal, a photoelectric converter, and an electric circuit. The electrooptic crystal is selected from the materials in the type of having properties of changing its refractive index in the direction of its optic major axes and the direction of these axes by a function of an applied electric field. In the apparatus, the electrooptic crystal is placed in the electric field applied by an electric circuit under measurement. A laser beam emitted from the laser device is incident on the electrooptic crystal. A reflected light passed through the crystal is resolved into rays in two polarized direction. Each ray is subjected to a photoelectric conversion by passing through the photoelectric converter and exerted as an electric output. A differential signal of the electric output is defined as a measurement signal.

Abstract: A high-speed, high-sensitivity photo-receiving device has a light-absorbing substrate, on which a pair of electrodes are provided. An insulative optical guide is located over an exposed surface portion of the substrate constituting an optical window. The optical guide is permeable to incident light, and the width of the optical guide does not exceed the wavelength of the incident light.

Abstract: A switch device includes an automatic return type operating piece depressed to move and automatically returned to an original position, a swinging member swingably mounted on a shaft, the swinging member being swung in opposite directions alternately whenever depressed by the operating piece, an articulation piece provided at the end portion of the swinging member in such a manner that the articulation piece is urged towards the front end thereof, and a V-shaped articulation member having a top and two slopes, functioning to hold the swinging member at one of two swing positions with the articulation piece abutted against one of the two slopes, and to hold the swinging member at the other swing position with the articulation piece abutted against the other slope so as to achieve, a switching operation, wherein two member selected from the group consisting of the push rod, the center of rotation of the swinging member, and the top of the V-shaped articulation member are arranged on one and the same straight li

Abstract: A rotation transmitting mechanism for a steering wheel for use in an automobile. A rotational member of a coupling device has projections extending radially inwardly, while a cancel cam has corresponding U-shaped cutouts to receive the projections, respectively. Each projection has a tapered section tapering off to a bottom end thereof. A peripheral face forming each U-shaped cutout is rounded so that an outer surface of the cylindrical cancel cam is connected with an inner surface by a rounded perhipheral face forming the cutout.

Abstract: A thin electronic calculator having a circuit board unit in which an IC pellet is directly mounted on a film board and allowing easy mass-production is provided. Metal foil leads each having one end and the other end radially extending from the one end and having a larger width than the one end are formed on the film board. The IC pellet is bonded to one end portions of the metal foil leads through bump electrodes. The circuit board unit is fixed to a wiring board by an anisotropically electrical conductive adhesive. The other end of each metal foil lead is electrically connected to a corresponding connecting terminal formed on the wiring board. An electronic component assembly constituted by the circuit board unit and the wiring board is received in upper and lower covers, and is adhered by adhesive islands deposited on the covers.

Abstract: The heterojunction magnetic field sensor is basically a heterojunction structure forming a two-dimensional electron gas layer having a high carrier mobility at the junction portion of at least two different kinds of semiconductor layers having a different band gap, respectively, and further, at least one semiconductor layer having a quantum well structure is provided adjacent to and in contact with the two dimensional electron gas layer, the energy level of the ground state subband thereof being higher than that of the two-dimensional electron gas layer. This heterojunction magnetic field sensor has a high sensitivity which is not saturated even under a high electric field and provides an enhanced output even under the high electric field.

Abstract: A push-pull amplifier circuit which is fully compensated for shortages in bias at times of high power output and in which the transistors are always maintained in their active regions. The circuit includes at least one pair of output transistors coupled in a push-pull circuit arrangement. A variable bias generating circuit controls the bias voltages applied to the bases of the output transistors according to the currents flowing in the output transistors to cause the output transistors to operate in their active regions. A circuit applies the voltage variation components at supply terminals from which current is applied to the output transistors to the variable bias generating circuit to compensate for shortages in bias during times of high power output.

Abstract: A semiconductor capable of exhibiting an electron transfer effect in a high electric field is used as a Hall element. Application of a voltage large enough to give rise to an electron transfer effect to the current input electrodes of the Hall element brings about a decrease in the concentration of electrons contributing to the Hall effect occurring within the semiconductor, an increase in the Hall coefficient and a notable enhancement in the sensitivity of the Hall element.

Abstract: A method of controlling magnetic strip domains is disclosed wherein a magnetic material having at least one ion-implanted region is placed under a bias magnetic condition which permits magnetic strip domains to exist in said magnetic material and subjected to one or more control magnetic fields to thereby generate and/or control magnetic strip domains.