Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source, a housing, a heat radiator, and a connector. A part of heat generated by the light source is transmitted to the housing, and the housing radiates the part of the heat. Another part of the heat generated by the light source is transmitted to the heat radiator, and the heat radiator radiates the another part of the heat. The connector transmits heat from the housing to the heat radiator when a temperature of a portion of the housing around the connector is higher than a temperature of a portion of the heat radiator around the connector. The connector transmits heat from the heat radiator to the housing when the temperature of the portion of the heat radiator around the connector is higher than the temperature of the portion of the housing around the connector.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source, a housing, a heat radiator, and a connector. A part of heat generated by the light source is transmitted to the housing, and the housing radiates the part of the heat. Another part of the heat generated by the light source is transmitted to the heat radiator, and the heat radiator radiates the another part of the heat. The connector transmits heat from the housing to the heat radiator when a temperature of a portion of the housing around the connector is higher than a temperature of a portion of the heat radiator around the connector. The connector transmits heat from the heat radiator to the housing when the temperature of the portion of the heat radiator around the connector is higher than the temperature of the portion of the housing around the connector.

Abstract: A color image-forming apparatus includes an endless belt-like photosensitive member stretched between and wound around a drive roller and a driven roller, and a plurality of developing rollers making contact with an outer surface of the photosensitive member. At least one flexure correction shaft is held in contact with an inner surface of the photosensitive member on the side remote from the developing rollers. With this construction, the condition of contact between each developing roller and the photosensitive member is made stable and uniform, and the developing conditions for all the colors become uniform so that a high-quality image can be obtained.

Abstract: A document reader has a light source which is turned on upon energization, a read unit for reading an image of a document illuminated by the light source and a control circuit for controlling the energization of the light source. The read unit reads an intensity of a light reflected by a reference density pattern arranged externally of a document area prior to reading of the document and controls the energization of the light source in accordance with the detected light intensity.