Abstract: A neutralizing method and a neutralizing apparatus for effectively neutralizing an insulating member in a simple and efficient way are disclosed. A hard X-ray generating device radiates a hard X-ray on the obverse surface of the insulating member from the direction perpendicular to the obverse surface of the insulating member. The hard X-ray generating apparatus radiates a hard X-ray having the wavelength of not less than 0.05 ? but less than 1 ?. The hard X-ray ionizes the air on the obverse surface of the insulating member and neutralizes the charge on the obverse surface of the insulating member, while at the same time neutralizing the charge on the reverse surface of the insulating member by the X-ray transmitted through the insulating member.

Abstract: A vacuum box, having a pair of soft X-ray windows for passing a soft X-ray generated by a soft X-ray source therethrough, is disposed in front of the soft X-ray source. A face plate for a color CRT is disposed at a rear side of the vacuum box. A color camera is arranged so as to observe a light emitting sate of an RGB phosphor screen of the face plate for the color CRT at a time where the soft X-ray generated from the soft X-ray source is irradiated on the face plate for the color CRT through the vacuum box. An image processing unit analyzes a color picture obtained from the color camera.

Abstract: A X-ray analyzer can generate an X-ray beam for application to a sample position during a support sample stage. An X-ray shield wall having an aperture transmissive to the X-ray beams is positioned adjacent to the supporting sample stage with a transparent film member sealingly extending across the aperture. An X-ray detector is positioned adjacent the X-ray shield wall. The upper side of the X-ray shield wall can be sealed and placed in a vacuum state or backfilled with a gas such as helium. The sample can be mounted at atmospheric pressure beneath the aperture and X-ray shield wall whereby improved transmission and detection of X-rays is achieved.

Abstract: An improved fluorescent x-ray instrument includes an x-ray tube for generating x-rays, with a control grid regulating the production of x-rays. An operator can set the voltage to be applied to the control grid, and a feedback system will set a desired voltage to the control grid. An operator will be provided an output signal representative of the monitor control grid voltage to enable the operator to determine the operative status of the x-ray tube.

Abstract: A highly reliable apparatus and method of measuring bone mineral density and bone strength simultaneously is provided. Pleochromatic X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube are incident upon an object to be measured. Transmitted X-rays and diffracted X-rays, generated during the time period when the X-rays are passed through the object, are separately detected to simultaneously measure the bone mineral density and the bone strength.

Abstract: An X-ray analyzer for performing both X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction analysis is provided with an X-ray source, an X-ray guide tube for collimating X-rays from the source, a vacuum tank in which the guide tube is partially disposed, a rotatable sample table for holding a sample adjacent the guide tube, and an X-ray detector movable away from and towards the sample table, and also rotatable independently of the sample table.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting heavy metals in an oil sample which radiates X-rays from a target type X-ray tube through an iron filter and then upon a sample cell containing the oil to be measured therein and detects fluorescent X-rays excited in the oil by an energy dispersion type fluorescent X-ray detector.

Abstract: An automatic steel analysis apparatus for analyzing the composition of steel materials by carrying out an element analysis using an X-ray excited energy dispersion type fluorescent analysis in the conveying path of the steel materials. A movable housing is vertically movably mounted below the conveying path and has a window in the top thereof closed by an X-ray permeable membrane. An X-ray tube and a semiconductor detection element are housed in the movable housing, and the detection element is connected to a computing apparatus for supplying analysis information thereto for enabling the computing apparatus to determine the composition of steel materials. An air conditioning apparatus controls the temperature and humidity within the movable housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an amount of liquid nitrogen, has a table for supporting a Dewar vessel in which liquid nitrogen used for cooling a semiconductor radio detector is contained. A motion conversion mechanism is engaged with the table for converting the movement of the table in the up and down direction in response to changes in the weight of the liquid nitrogen in the vessel and amplifying and movement. The motion conversion mechanism includes a disk rotated by the amplified motion of the table, and a plurality of sensors adjacent the disk for detecting the rotational position of the disk which is representative of the weight of the liquid nitrogen in the vessel.

Abstract: X-rays and visible ray can be simultaneously incident upon the same range of an object to be radiated by making an axis of X-rays radiated be identical or almost identical with an axis of visible ray reflected.X-rays can be accurately radiated on the point, on which visible ray was projected, without secular change even though the surface of said object to be radiated, on which X-rays are radiated, is rough.

Abstract: A furnace for extracting gaseous components from material samples includes upper and lower electrodes mounted to press therebetween a crucible of electrically conductive material. An electric current is applied to the electrodes, thereby causing heating of the material sample contained in the crucible, with the result that gaseous components are extracted from the material sample. At least one of the upper and lower electrodes is rotated about a vertical axis, thereby causing surfaces of the crucible contacting respective surfaces of the upper and lower electrodes to rotate under friction against such respective surfaces, thereby improving electrical contact between the crucible and the electrodes.

Abstract: A sample cell useful in fluorescent X-ray analytical devices is provided herein, which cell is composed of an inner frame; an inner frame cover and a radiation-permeable sheet which houses the sample to be analyzed and an outer frame which covers the sample. The inner frame cover which is formed by bending a soft plastic film and the radiation-permeable sheet are such that they may be discarded after each analysis whereas the inner frame and the outer frame are used for reinforcement and sealing up of the sample and are never contaminated with the sample to be analyzed. Since the inner frame cover and the X-ray permeable sheet are the only members of the sample cell which contact the sample to be analyzed, these portions have been made from inexpensive disposable materials so that they can be discarded after each X-ray analysis, thereby eliminating the need to wash the sample cell after each analysis.

Abstract: A non-dispersive fluorescence x-ray analyzer apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of an element contained in a sample. The apparatus has an x-ray source which directs x-rays against a sample to be analyzed and a reference sample which are both at equal distances from the x-ray source. The fluorescence x-ray spectrum from both the sample to be analyzed and the reference sample is detected and converted into a series of pulse signals. Counters count the signals from both samples, and the counter for counting the pulse signals from the reference sample is set to terminate the operation of the counter for counting the signals from the sample when a pre-determined number of pulses is counted from the reference sample. The number of pulses from the sample to be analyzed is then used for performing a mathematical computation to determine the concentration of the element in the sample being analyzed, which concentration is proportional to the number of pulses counted.