Abstract: A sapphire structure with a metal substructure is disclosed. The sapphire structure with a metal substructure includes a sapphire structure and a metal substructure. The sapphire structure includes a flat surface and a concave portion on the flat surface. The metal substructure in the concave portion is bonded to an inner surface of the concave portion and includes a surface portion that is substantially flush with the flat surface.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus is disclosed. The electronic apparatus includes an exterior body, a wireless communication unit, and a display device. The exterior body includes a wireless communication unit, a display device and an exterior body. The exterior body includes a light-transmissive cover plate and a case member. The light-transmissive cover plate includes: first and second surfaces opposite to each other; and a single crystal body containing alumina (Al2O3) as a main component. The case member is disposed at an opposite side to the light-transmissive cover plate with respect to the display device and includes a single crystal body containing alumina (Al2O3) as a main component. The wireless communication unit and the display device are in the exterior body. The display device includes a display surface that faces the first surface.

Abstract: A sapphire structure with a metal substructure is disclosed. The sapphire structure with a metal substructure includes a sapphire structure and a metal substructure. The sapphire structure includes a flat surface and a concave portion on the flat surface. The metal substructure in the concave portion is bonded to an inner surface of the concave portion and includes a surface portion that is substantially flush with the flat surface.

Abstract: A cleaning member including a member body that is brought into contact with a surface of a member to be cleaned; and a sensor that is fixed to a portion of the member body except a portion in contact with the member to be cleaned and is made of a metallic film.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developer contains a toner having a volume-average particle diameter of about 2.0 ?m to about 6.5 ?m, and a carrier whose average magnetization per carrier particle at an applied magnetic field of 1 kilooersted is about 3.0×10?16 Am2/particle to about 3.0×10?15 Am2/particle, wherein the electrostatic latent image developer is used in an image forming apparatus including an image-carrying member having a top surface layer composed of a cured film containing fluorocarbon resin particles, a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image formed on the image-carrying member to form a toner image by bringing a magnetic brush formed of the electrostatic latent image developer and having a brush roughness of about 300 ?m to about 850 ?m into contact with the image-carrying member, and a cleaning unit that includes a cleaning blade.

Abstract: There is provided a charging member cleaning roller including: a core body; and an elastic layer that is provided on a peripheral surface of the core body and includes a polyurethane foam obtained from at least a polyester polyol, a foam stabilizer, and a catalyst. Moreover, there is provided a charging member cleaning roller including: a core body; and an elastic layer that is provided on a peripheral surface of the core body and includes a urethane foam having an open-cell structure, a resilience of approximately 15% to 30%, and a hardness of approximately 150N to 230N.

Abstract: A cleaning member including a member body that is brought into contact with a surface of a member to be cleaned; and a sensor that is fixed to a portion of the member body except a portion in contact with the member to be cleaned and is made of a metallic film.

Abstract: A method for inspecting insulation property of a capacitor, comprises the steps of: applying a DC voltage V1 higher than a voltage V0 to a capacitor to be inspected, in which the voltage V0 is predetermined for inspection of insulation property of the capacitor, to generate an electric current in the capacitor; lowering the DC voltage V1 to the voltage V0 at a lapse of a time t1, to convert the electric current in the capacitor into a continuously unvaried electric current; determining a value i0 of the continuously unvaried electric current; and comparing the value i0 with an upper limit of a leakage current which is predetermined for the capacitor.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a quartz crystal element consists of the steps of producing plural quartz layers on a surface of a crystalline substrate having a lattice constant differing from that of quartz crystal, in which each of the quartz layers consists of a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase, and percentage of the crystalline phase in the quartz layer farther from the substrate is larger than percentage of the crystalline phase in the quartz layer adjacent to the substrate; and producing an epitaxially grown quartz crystal film on the surface of the quartz layer farther from the substrate by a reaction between silicon alkoxide and oxygen.

Abstract: There is provided a charging member cleaning roller including: a core body; and an elastic layer that is provided on a peripheral surface of the core body and includes a polyurethane foam obtained from at least a polyester polyol, a foam stabilizer, and a catalyst. Moreover, there is provided a charging member cleaning roller including: a core body; and an elastic layer that is provided on a peripheral surface of the core body and includes a urethane foam having an open-cell structure, a resilience of approximately 15% to 30%, and a hardness of approximately 150N to 230N.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a quartz crystal element consists of the steps of producing plural quartz layers on a surface of a crystalline substrate having a lattice constant differing from that of quartz crystal, in which each of the quartz layers consists of a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase, and percentage of the crystalline phase in the quartz layer farther from the substrate is larger than percentage of the crystalline phase in the quartz layer adjacent to the substrate; and producing an epitaxially grown quartz crystal film on the surface of the quartz layer farther from the substrate by a reaction between silicon alkoxide and oxygen.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a quartz crystal element consists of the steps of producing plural quartz layers on a surface of a crystalline substrate having a lattice constant differing from that of quartz crystal, in which each of the quartz layers consists of a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase, and percentage of the crystalline phase in the quartz layer farther from the substrate is larger than percentage of the crystalline phase in the quartz layer adjacent to the substrate; and producing an epitaxially grown quartz crystal film on the surface of the quartz layer farther from the substrate by a reaction between silicon alkoxide and oxygen.

Abstract: A urinary collector device for men including a urinary collector body formed into a bag shape and constructed of soft, flexible water-proof material, the urinary collector body having a first or upper portion formed into a penis receiving chamber which includes an opening for enabling a penis to be inserted therethrough into such chamber. The urinary collector body also includes a second opposite or lower portion which forms a urinary flow chamber which is separated from the penis receiving chamber by a water permeable membrane. The urinary flow chamber is packed with hydrophobic material having a plurality of passages therethrough and includes a urinary discharge outlet.

Abstract: A urinary collector for women comprising a urinary collector body formed of soft, flexible water-proof material, the collector body including a first or upper portion forming a water-permeable skin contacting face having a cup-like member associated therewith for fitting snugly to the vulva and receiving a urinary flow. The cup-like member is formed of a flexible water permeable material so as to allow urine to pass therethrough. The collector body also includes a second opposite or lower portion forming a urinary flow chamber, the urinary flow chamber being separated from the skin contacting face by a water impermeable membrane. A moisture absorbent material is located between the water impermeable membrane and the skin contacting face. The urinary flow chamber is packed with a hydrophobic material having a plurality of passages therethrough and is also provided with a urinary discharge outlet, the packed hydrophobic material maintaining the shape of the device when fitted for use.