Abstract: A battery carrier includes a base member, a clamp member, and a bolt. The base member has a recess of a concave cylindrical shape at a portion. The clamp member includes a clamp portion that is in contact with an upper surface of a rib in a holding state, a fulcrum portion having a convex cylindrical surface, that is in contact with the recess, and a bolt hole provided at a portion between the clamp portion and the fulcrum portion. The bolt is inserted through the bolt hole in the holding state. The base member and the clamp member are configured to generate, by fastening the bolt, a clamping force with which the rib is clamped between the clamp portion and the placement surface.

Abstract: A battery carrier includes a base member, a clamp member, and a bolt. The base member has a recess of a concave cylindrical shape at a portion. The clamp member includes a clamp portion that is in contact with an upper surface of a rib in a holding state, a fulcrum portion having a convex cylindrical surface, that is in contact with the recess, and a bolt hole provided at a portion between the clamp portion and the fulcrum portion. The bolt is inserted through the bolt hole in the holding state.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a topography simulation apparatus includes a division module to divide a surface of a substance into a plurality of computing elements. The apparatus includes a first calculation module to calculate a surface movement rate in each computing element and to derive, for the plurality of computing elements, a first maximum which is a maximum of an absolute value of the surface movement rate. The apparatus includes a second calculation module to calculate a difference between surface movement rates in mutually adjacent computing elements and to derive, for the mutually adjacent computing elements among the plurality of computing elements, a second maximum which is a maximum of an absolute value of the difference between the surface movement rates. The apparatus includes a determination module to determine a time step for calculating a change in topography of the substance, based on the first or second maximum.

Abstract: A vehicle front-end body structure, includes: front side members provided along a left side and a right side of a front portion of a vehicle body, a front deck cross member provided between side walls of the vehicle body, including joint portions for joining the front deck cross member to the side walls; and a connecting member made up of a pipe material including end portions and a middle portion disposed between the end portions. The end portions are joined to the vicinities of the joint portions respectively. The middle portion is joined to the front side members respectively.

Abstract: A vehicle front-end body structure, includes: front side members provided along a left side and a right side of a front portion of a vehicle body, a front deck cross member provided between side walls of the vehicle body, including joint portions for joining the front deck cross member to the side walls; and a connecting member made up of a pipe material including end portions and a middle portion disposed between the end portions. The end portions are joined to the vicinities of the joint portions respectively. The middle portion is joined to the front side members respectively.