Abstract: A first linearly polarized bundle of rays of incident rays is converted by optical modulation with an input video signal into a second linearly polarized bundle of rays orthogonal to the first rays in polarization. The first rays pass through a polarizer before optically modulated. A second linearly polarized bundle of rays originally involved in the incident rays is reflected by the polarizer in a first direction. The second rays obtained by the optical modulation are reflected by the polarizer in a second direction. The second rays reflected in the second direction pass through another polarizer. A first linearly polarized bundle of rays involved in the reflected second rays is reflected by the other polarizer. The reflected first rays is detected by an optical sensor that is positioned outside an optical path of the second rays originally involved in the incident rays and reflected in the first direction.

Abstract: There are arranged two light sources 21a, 21b, a triangular prism mirror 22 for synthesizing lights emitted from the two light sources 21a, 21b and a first dichroic mirror 41 for optically separating the synthesized lights, in this order. The flux of light synthesized by the triangular prism mirror 22 has a long axis in a photosynthetic direction of the lights. The long axis direction of flux intersects with a spectroscopic direction of the first dichroic mirror 41 at a right angle.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide a steel for high-cleanliness spring which is useful for the production of a spring excellent in fatigue characteristics in high Si steels. The steel for high-cleanliness spring with excellent fatigue characteristics according to the invention contains: in terms of mass %, C: 1.2% or less (excluding 0%); Si: 1.8% to 4%; Mn: 0.1% to 2.0%; and total Al: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), with the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities, in which the Si amount and a solute (SIMS) Ca amount in the steel satisfy a relationship of the following expression (1): Si×10?7?solute (SIMS) Ca?Si×5×10?7??(1) (in which each of the solute (SIMS) Ca and Si represents the amount thereof (mass %) in the steel).

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide a steel for high-cleanliness spring which is useful for the production of a spring excellent in fatigue characteristics in high Si steels. The steel for high-cleanliness spring with excellent fatigue characteristics according to the invention contains: in terms of mass %, C: 1.2% or less (excluding 0%); Si: 1.8% to 4%; Mn: 0.1% to 2.0%; and total Al: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), with the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities, in which the Si amount and a solute (SIMS) Ca amount in the steel satisfy a relationship of the following expression (1): Si×10?7?solute (SIMS) Ca?Si×5×10?7 ??(1) (in which each of the solute (SIMS) Ca and Si represents the amount thereof (mass %) in the steel).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-cleanliness steel having a high fatigue strength and high cold workability, and a method of making the high-cleanliness steel. The method adds a Li—Si alloy having a Li content between 20 and 40% and/or Li2CO3 as a Li-containing substance to a molten steel. The Li-containing substance is added to the molten steel after the completion of a series of steps of a ladle refining process including composition adjustment, temperature adjustment and slag refining. The high-cleanliness steel has a total-Li content between 0.020 and 20 ppm by mass and contains 1.0 or below oxide inclusion particle having a major diameter of 20 ?m or above at a maximum in 50 g of the steel wire. The steel contains an oxide inclusion that has a CaO content between 15 and 55%, SiO2 content between 20 and 70%, an Al2O3 content of 35% or below, a MgO content of 20% or below and a Li2O content between 0.5 and 20%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-cleanliness steel having a high fatigue strength and high cold workability, and a method of making the high-cleanliness steel. The method adds a Li—Si alloy having a Li content between 20 and 40% and/or Li2CO3 as a Li-containing substance to a molten steel. The Li-containing substance is added to the molten steel after the completion of a series of steps of a ladle refining process including composition adjustment, temperature adjustment and slag refining. The high-cleanliness steel has a total-Li content between 0.020 and 20 ppm by mass and contains 1.0 or below oxide inclusion particle having a major diameter of 20 ?m or above at a maximum in 50 g of the steel wire. The steel contains an oxide inclusion that has a CaO content between 15 and 55%, SiO2 content between 20 and 70%, an Al2O3 content of 35% or below, a MgO content of 20% or below and a Li2O content between 0.5 and 20%.

Abstract: A first linearly polarized bundle of rays of incident rays is converted by optical modulation with an input video signal into a second linearly polarized bundle of rays orthogonal to the first rays in polarization. The first rays pass through a polarizer before optically modulated. A second linearly polarized bundle of rays originally involved in the incident rays is reflected by the polarizer in a first direction. The second rays obtained by the optical modulation are reflected by the polarizer in a second direction. The second rays reflected in the second direction pass through another polarizer. A first linearly polarized bundle of rays involved in the reflected second rays is reflected by the other polarizer. The reflected first rays is detected by an optical sensor that is positioned outside an optical path of the second rays originally involved in the incident rays and reflected in the first direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-cleanliness steel having a high fatigue strength and high cold workability, and a method of making the high-cleanliness steel. The method adds a Li—Si alloy having a Li content between 20 and 40% and/or Li2CO3 as a Li-containing substance to a molten steel. The Li-containing substance is added to the molten steel after the completion of a series of steps of a ladle refining process including composition adjustment, temperature adjustment and slag refining. The high-cleanliness steel has a total-Li content between 0.020 and 20 ppm by mass and contains 1.0 or below oxide inclusion particle having a major diameter of 20 ?m or above at a maximum in 50 g of the steel wire. The steel contains an oxide inclusion that has a CaO content between 15 and 55%, SiO2 content between 20 and 70%, an Al2O3 content of 35% or below, a MgO content of 20% or below and a Li2O content between 0.5 and 20%.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, white light emitted from a light source is homogenized by an integrator optical system; the R and the G light component of the white light becomes P polarization light as the white light passes through a color polarizer; and then the G light component is converted into P polarization light while the R light component remains unchanged as the G and the R light pass through another color polarizer. Then, the G and the R light are light-modulated respectively by reflection type spatial light modulation elements for the G and the R light, the elements being disposed so that they have a different distance from a polarizing split face of a polarizing beam splitter. The G light that has been light modulated passes through a lens causing an axial chromatic aberration corresponding to the distance difference and thus exits therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-cleanliness steel having a high fatigue strength and high cold workability, and a method of making the high-cleanliness steel. The method adds a Li—Si alloy having a Li content between 20 and 40% and/or Li2CO3 as a Li-containing substance to a molten steel. The Li-containing substance is added to the molten steel after the completion of a series of steps of a ladle refining process including composition adjustment, temperature adjustment and slag refining. The high-cleanliness steel has a total-Li content between 0.020 and 20 ppm by mass and contains 1.0 or below oxide inclusion particle having a major diameter of 20 ?m or above at a maximum in 50 g of the steel wire. The steel contains an oxide inclusion that has a CaO content between 15 and 55%, SiO2 content between 20 and 70%, an Al2O3 content of 35% or below, a MgO content of 20% or below and a Li2O content between 0.5 and 20%.

Abstract: To provide a wire grid polarizer used in an image display apparatus, in which even when the image display apparatus is of a small compact structure and provides high output of power from the light source, shape transformation of the glass substrate occurring due to generation of heat caused by light absorption in the wire grid is prevented and in which by efficient usage of light rays from the light source, high-quality images can be displayed by the image display device and power consumption is low. A wire grid 2 formed of metal in a fine comb shape is formed on a glass substrate 1 and antireflection coatings 3a and 3b are disposed respectively on the front surface part and the rear surface part of the wire grid 2 of the glass substrate 1.

Abstract: A spring steel containing SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and MgO as oxide type inclusions, which have an average composition (by weight) of 35%≦SiO2≦75%, 5%≦Al2O3≦30%, 10%≦CaO≦50%, and MgO≦5% (excluding 0%). This spring steel is superior in fatigue properties.