Abstract: The present invention relates to an electroluminescent element formed by placing a luminescing substance between an anode and a cathode, such that when electrical energy is applied to the element, light is emitted having a peak wavelength of at least 580 nm. The luminescing substance comprises a fluorescent compound have a fluorescent maximum at about 540 nm or above and a compound having a pyrromethene structure (I) or metal complexes thereof.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic electroluminescent device, which is provided with first electrodes formed on a substrate, a thin film layer formed on the first electrode containing at least an emitting layer composed of an organic compound and a plurality of second electrodes formed on the thin film layer, and has a plurality of luminescent regions on said substrate, comprising the steps of forming spacers having a height at least partially exceeding the thickness of said thin film layer on the substrate, and vapor-depositing a deposit for patterning while the shadow mask having reinforcing lines formed across its apertures is kept in contact with said spacers. Highly precise fine patterning can be effected under wide vapor deposition conditions without degrading the properties of organic electroluminescent elements, and high stability can be achieved by a relatively simple process without limiting the structure of the electroluminescent device.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic electroluminescent device, which is provided with first electrodes formed on a substrate, a thin film layer formed on the first electrode containing at least an emitting layer composed of an organic compound and a plurality of second electrodes formed on the thin film layer, and has a plurality of luminescent regions on said substrate, comprising the steps of forming spacers having a height at least partially exceeding the thickness of said thin film layer on the substrate, and vapor-depositing a deposit for patterning while the shadow mask having reinforcing lines formed across its apertures is kept in contact with said spacers.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic electroluminescent device, which is provided with first electrodes formed on a substrate, a thin film layer formed on the first electrode containing at least an emitting layer composed of an organic compound and a plurality of second electrodes formed on the thin film layer, and has a plurality of luminescent regions on said substrate, comprising the steps of forming spacers having a height at least partially exceeding the thickness of said thin film layer on the substrate, and vapor-depositing a deposit for patterning while the shadow mask having reinforcing lines formed across its apertures is kept in contact with said spacers. Highly precise fine patterning can be effected under wide vapor deposition conditions without degrading the properties of organic electroluminescent elements, and high stability can be achieved by a relatively simple process without limiting the structure of the electroluminescent device.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic electroluminescent device, the organic electroluminescent device comprising a first electrode formed on a substrate, a thin film layer on the first electrodes, the thin film layer comprising at least an emitting layer comprising an organic compound, a second electrode formed on the thin film layer, and a plurality of luminescent regions on the substrate, wherein the method for producing the organic electroluminescent device comprises forming spacers having a height exceeding a thickness of the thin film layer on the substrate and vapor-depositing a deposit while a mask portion of a shadow mask is kept in contact with the spacers, the shadow mask comprising apertures having reinforcing lines. Highly precise fine patterning can be effected under wide vapor deposition conditions without degrading the properties of organic electroluminescent elements, and high stability can be achieved by the method without limiting the structure of the electroluminescent device.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic electroluminescent device, which is provided with first electrodes formed on a substrate, a thin film layer formed on the first electrode containing at least an emitting layer composed of an organic compound and a plurality of second electrodes formed on the thin film layer, and has a plurality of luminescent regions on said substrate, comprising the steps of forming spacers having a height at least partially exceeding the thickness of said thin film layer on the substrate, and vapor-depositing a deposit for patterning while the shadow mask having reinforcing lines formed across its apertures is kept in contact with said spacers.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention lies in offering red electroluminescent elements which have a high electrical energy utilization efficiency and outstanding colour purity.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic electroluminescent device, which is provided with first electrodes formed on a substrate, a thin film layer formed on the first electrode containing at least an emitting layer composed of an organic compound and a plurality of second electrodes formed on the thin film layer, and has a plurality of luminescent regions on said substrate, comprising the steps of forming spacers having a height at least partially exceeding the thickness of said thin film layer on the substrate, and vapor-depositing a deposit for patterning while the shadow mask having reinforcing lines formed across its apertures is kept in contact with said spacers. Highly precise fine patterning can be effected under wide vapor deposition conditions without degrading the properties of organic electroluminescent elements, and high stability can be achieved by a relatively simple process without limiting the structure of the electroluminescent device.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic electroluminescent device, which is provided with first electrodes formed on a substrate, a thin film layer formed on the first electrode containing at least an emitting layer composed of an organic compound and a plurality of second electrodes formed on the thin film layer, and has a plurality of luminescent regions on said substrate, comprising the steps of forming spacers having a height at least partially exceeding the thickness of said thin film layer on the substrate, and vapor-depositing a deposit for patterning while the shadow mask having reinforcing lines formed across its apertures is kept in contact with said spacers.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic electroluminescent device, which is provided with first electrodes formed on a substrate, a thin film layer formed on the first electrode containing at least an emitting layer composed of an organic compound and a plurality of second electrodes formed on the thin film layer, and has a plurality of luminescent regions on said substrate, comprising the steps of forming spacers having a height at least partially exceeding the thickness of said thin film layer on the substrate, and vapor-depositing a deposit for patterning while the shadow mask having reinforcing lines formed across its apertures is kept in contact with said spacers.

Abstract: A composite membrane excelling in organic solvent resistance, heat resistance and organic vapor resistance is disclosed. The composite membrane of the present invention comprises a porous membrane including as a major constituent a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the formula (I)--Ph--S--Ph--SO.sub.2).sub.n (I)(wherein Ph represents phenyl group, n represents a natural number) and an active layer formed on said porous membrane. The composite membrane of the present invention may be used as a composite membrane for pervaporation, gas separation membrane and as a reverse osmosis membrane.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger comprises an oxygen absorbent composition and an oxygen permeable film covering the oxygen absorbent composition and including an asymmetric porous membrane whose outer surface portion in the thickness direction of the asymmetric porous membrane is formed as a dense skin layer. Since the dense skin layer is very thin, the oxygen permeability to the oxygen absorbent composition through the oxygen permeable film can be maintained sufficiently high. At the same time, since the dense skin layer has a sufficiently high barrier property as well as a high oxygen permeability, contact of the substances stored in a container with the oxygen absorbent composition can be surely prevented. The substances stored in the container attached with the oxygen scavenger can be prevented from deterioration due to the oxygen present in the container by a high oxygen absorption ability of the scavenger, and maintained in a good or fresh condition for a long term.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous membrane which has excellent durability and is useful for ultrafiltration. The porous membrane of the present invention has heterogeneous structure, which consists essentially of a phenylenesulfide-based copolymer of the formula:(Ph--S--Ph--X--).sub.q --(wherein Ph represents phenylene group, X represents --SO.sub.2 -- or --CO--, and g represents an integer from 80-400 which membrane has a dense layer on one or both surfaces of the membrane, the dense layer controlling the separation performance of the membrane, and a porous layer next to the dense layer, which porous layer has a porosity higher than that of the dense layer.

Abstract: A semipermeable composite membrane comprising a microporous substrate and an ultra-thin membrane with which the substrate is coated, characterized in that the ultra-thin membrane is composed of a cross-linked aromatic polyamide and the cross-linked aromatic polyamide contains a tri- or higher functional aryl residue having at least two --NH groups. The semipermeable composite membrane has a high solute rejection, high and stable water flux and durability, and thereby may be applicable to various fields.