Abstract: To improve yield of monomers.

Abstract: PET and foreign matter are properly separated. A separation system includes a storage unit configured to store therein a dissolved solution containing a PET solution in which polyethylene terephthalate is dissolved in a carboxylic acid-derived monomer and an impurity that is a component other than the polyethylene terephthalate, and separate the dissolved solution into the PET solution and the impurity by gravity, a discharge unit configured to discharge the separated impurity from an inside of the storage unit, and a reaction unit into which the separated PET solution and a reaction solvent reactive with polyethylene terephthalate are introduced and in which polyethylene terephthalate in the PET solution is depolymerized.

Abstract: An inductively-coupled-plasma (ICP) type plasma processing apparatus is provided. The plasma processing includes an antenna which is substantially straight in a plan view of the antenna. A plasma is generated for performing a plasma treatment to a substrate when a high frequency current is applied to the antenna to form an electric field in a vacuum container. The antenna includes two go-and-return conductors closely disposed to each other in an up-down direction, wherein the up-down direction is perpendicular to a surface of the substrate, and the high frequency current is applied to flow in opposite directions between the two go-and-return conductors. An interval is defined by a distance between the two go-and-return conductors in the up-down direction, varies in a longitudinal direction of the antenna.

Abstract: An inductively-coupled-plasma (ICP) type plasma processing apparatus is provided. The plasma processing includes an antenna which is substantially straight in a plan view of the antenna. A plasma is generated for performing a plasma treatment to a substrate when a high frequency current is applied to the antenna to form an electric field in a vacuum container. The antenna includes two go-and-return conductors closely disposed to each other in an up-down direction, wherein the up-down direction is perpendicular to a surface of the substrate, and the high frequency current is applied to flow in opposite directions between the two go-and-return conductors. An interval is defined by a distance between the two go-and-return conductors in the up-down direction, varies in a longitudinal direction of the antenna.

Abstract: In a current-limiting device, a plurality of current-limiting elements are connected in series to one another, and are inserted between the system power source of an electric power system and the load thereof. In the device, transformers, the number of which is equal to that of the current-limiting element S1 through Sn, are arranged. The primary windings of the transformers are connected to the current-limiting elements in the same polarity, respectively, and all the secondary wings thereof are connected in parallel to one another.

Abstract: A system interconnection device connected between two systems, such as a commercial bus line carrying power from a commercial power line and a private bus line carrying power from a private power generator, is able to connect and disconnect the two systems, and, in the event of a fault, has a current-limiting effect, thus preventing instantaneous voltage drop of the respective bus lines. In the system interconnection device, unit parallel circuits made up of diodes and DC reactors are serially connected so that the diodes thereof have opposite directions. With this structure, in realizing operations equivalent to those of a conventional system interconnection device having a DC reactor between DC terminals of a single-phase rectifying bridge circuit, the number of diodes, which are rectifying elements, can be halved.

Abstract: An ion source having an auxiliary plasma chamber and a main plasma chamber. The auxiliary plasma chamber receives an ionizable gas and is provided with microwaves with sufficient power to create a high frequency discharge and generate a subplasma for sustaining the creation of an ion plasma in the main chamber. Multiple auxiliary plasma chambers may be used and each may be separately regulated. Protective plates, screens, and coatings may be provided to protect the ion plasma of the main chamber from sputtering a facing wall of the auxiliary plasma chamber.