Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gas sensor that includes a sensor part configured to generate a gas detection signal in accordance with a concentration of a gas to be measured, and a control circuit configured to generate an output signal indicating the concentration of the gas to be measured based on the gas detection signal. The control circuit is configured to correct the output signal so that the output signal indicates a concentration of the gas to be measured higher than that indicated by the gas detection signal when a level of the gas detection signal output from the sensor part is less than a reference value corresponding to a level of the gas detection signal which is normally obtained when a concentration of the gas to be measured is a concentration value in normal time.

Abstract: A noncontact coupler comprising a pair of magnetic cores 1, 1 each having a U-shaped open magnetic path, a primary coil L1 and secondary coil L2 being wound around said cores 1, 1 separately respectively, said coupler transmitting AC electric power between said primary and secondary coils L1, L2 by means of an annular closed magnetic path B formed by opposing in proximity both open magnetic face sides of said cores, wherein said primary and secondary magnetic cores 1, 1 are respectively split at least at their sides facing to each other, and a gap forming a spatial magnetic path is interposed between said split pieces. A diameter a of a medium leg 51 positioned inside an annular groove 52 around in which the coils L1, L2 are wound (housed) is set almost equal to a width b of the annular groove 52. These provide effects of lightening a noncontact coupler while securing its performance and improving handleability with enhancing tolerance for positioning of the primary and secondary cores.

Abstract: A Ni type ferrite material of a low magnetic loss. The Ni type ferrite material is formed by adding MnO2 in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mol % to a ferrite material of a composition containing Fe2O3 in 40 to 50 mol %, ZnO in 20 to 33 mol %, CuO in 2 to 10 mol %, and NiO in the remainder. Such Ni type ferrite material is adapted for use in a coil component as a core material because of a smaller magnetic loss in comparison with a prior material, and has a high electric resistance to allow direct coil winding on the core, thereby realizing reduction in both size and weight of the coil component.

Abstract: A noncontact coupler comprising a pair of magnetic cores 1, 1 each having a U-shaped open magnetic path, a primary coil L1 and secondary coil L2 being wound around said cores 1, 1 separately respectively, said coupler transmitting AC electric power between said primary and secondary coils L1, L2 by means of an annular closed magnetic path B formed by opposing in proximity both open magnetic face sides of said cores, wherein said primary and secondary magnetic cores 1, 1 are respectively split at least at their sides facing to each other, and a gap forming a spatial magnetic path is interposed between said split pieces. A diameter a of a medium leg 51 positioned inside an annular groove 52 around in which the coils L1, L2 are wound (housed) is set almost equal to a width b of the annular groove 52. These provide effects of lightening a noncontact coupler while securing its performance and improving handleability with enhancing tolerance for positioning of the primary and secondary cores.

Abstract: A Ni type ferrite material of a low magnetic loss. The Ni type ferrite material is formed by adding MnO2 in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mol % to a ferrite material of a composition containing Fe2O3 in 40 to 50 mol %, ZnO in 20 to 33 mol %, CuO in 2 to 10 mol %, and NiO in the remainder. Such Ni type ferrite material is adapted for use in a coil component as a core material because of a smaller magnetic loss in comparison with a prior material, and has a high electric resistance to allow direct coil winding on the core, thereby realizing reduction in both size and weight of the coil component.

Abstract: An inductor of the invention is obtained by forming conductors of a desired shape on bendable plate type support members, providing a slit in one end of each of the conductors, and a claw on the other end of each of the conductors, bending the plate type support members, engaging the slits and claws with each other so as to form windings on the support members and openings therein, and inserting magnetic cores through the openings.

Abstract: An inductor of the invention is obtained by forming conductors 21 of a desired shape on bendable plate type support members 20, providing a slit 24 in one end of each of the conductors 21, and a claw 25 on the other end of each of the conductors, bending the plate type support members 20, engaging the slits and claws with each other so as to form windings 12 on the support members and openings 28 therein, and inserting magnetic cores 11 through the openings.

Abstract: An apparatus for packing a permanent magnet powder wherein a solenoid coil is provided near the opening of a cylindrical molding space of a mold in such a manner that the direction of the central axis of the solenoid coil substantially coincides with the central axis of the molding space, and an alternating current magnetic field is applied, so that a permanent magnet powder above the opening is packed into the molding space. A magnetic pole may be provided in the center of the solenoid coil. The method of the present invention can be applied to not only a powder for a sintered magnet and cast magnet, but also a powder for a bonded magnet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for packing a permanent magnet powder wherein a solenoid coil is provided near the opening of a cylindrical molding space of a mold in such a manner that the direction of the central axis of the solenoid coil substantially coincides with the central axis of the molding space, and an alternating current magnetic field is applied, so that a permanent magnet powder above the opening is packed into the molding space. A magnetic pole may be provided in the center of the solenoid coil. The method of the present invention can be applied to not only a powder for a sintered magnet but also a powder for a bonded magnet.

Abstract: In order to achieve the spectrum economy and reduce the power consumption of a transmitter and reduce the error rate at a receiver and simplify receiver circuitry, at least one bit stream to be transmitted is quadrature modulated in a manner that the signal points do not define a trace on a complex amplitude plane which passes through the origin of the plane coordinates or in the vicinity thereof. The received signal is hard limited and frequency-discriminated to determine the instantaneous angular velocity of the received signal and is integrated to detect the phase variation between two consecutive received signals, and thereafter is decided with respect to the phase variation according to the decision threshold levels 0 and .+-..pi. radians.

Abstract: A rail fastening device comprises a curved tapered spring having free ends adapted to engage a rail flange for preventing lateral and tilting motion of the rail. The spring is secured by a fastening element having a detent which is rotated and slid into a shaped hole in an anchor embedded in the tie on which the rail is supported.

Abstract: A cam actuated elastic rail securing device comprises a spring member which is adapted to engage the flange of a rail and to cooperate with a rotary cam element to apply an elastic restraining force to the rail when the cam is rotated relative to an anchor and slid axially to lock the cam against reverse rotation.

Abstract: A method for treating a sugar solution in which one, two or more than two kinds of esters selected from the group consisting of glycerol mono-aceto mono-fatty acid ester, glycerol mono-aceto di-fatty acid ester and glycerol di-aceto mono-fatty acid ester composed of a fatty acid of 12 carbons or composed of mixed fatty acids consisting at least 40% of a fatty acid of 12 carbons and the rest being fatty acids of 8 to 14 carbons are added to the sugar solution during a process of manufacturing sugars.

Abstract: An elastic rail fastening device for securing a rail to a concrete tie having a spike secured therein. A top pressing spring engages the top surface of the rail flange for holding the rail against the tie. One end of the spring is supported beneath a shoulder on the metal spike. A spring receiver is fitted to the tie, and the other end of the top spring bears thereagainst. A side spring is inserted between the side of the rail flange and the spring receiver to receive transverse pressure working on the rail.

Abstract: An elastic rail fastening device which uses a metal spike having a projecting jaw, the lower part of the spike being buried in a concrete support. A deformed S-shaped plate spring is provided with one end contacting the upper surface of a spring receiver, a first bent-down portion urged downwardly for depressing the upper surface of the rail flange as laid on the concrete support, a middle portion having the upper surface contacting the projecting jaw, a second bent-down portion for contacting the side of the spring receiver, and the other end contacting the side of the rail flange. The spring receiver is interposed between a guide on the concrete support and the second bent-down portion, whereby the spring receiver pushes up the one end of the spring.

Abstract: A low level initial acquisition signal consisting of a continuous wave signal portion followed by a phase-modulated signal portion is transmitted via a satellite to a receiving station. The received CW signal is converted by a voltage-controlled variable frequency local oscillator to an intermediate frequency signal which is fed to a narrow passband filter. The local oscillator frequency is linearly swept, and the maximum signal passing through the filter during one sweep is detected. The local oscillator is then locked at the local frequency which produced the maximum signal, thereby effecting frequency acquisition. Next, the phase-modulated signal portion is multiplied by a phase-modulated signal output from a variable phase local signal generator.

Abstract: A rail fastening apparatus for cooperation with a rail which is supported on and extends transversely across a tie. The apparatus comprising a steel support positioned adjacent one side of the rail and having a leg portion which is buried in the tie and an upper portion which projects upwardly above the tie. A lever is pivotally supported on the upper portion for swinging movement about an axis which extends substantially parallel with the longitudinally extending direction of the rail. The lever has a cam associated therewith. A spring-receiver structure is mounted on the tie and positioned on the opposite side of the axis from the rail, and an elongated plate-like spring extends between the spring-receiver structure and the rail. The spring has one end supported on the spring-receiver structure and the other end supported on a flange of the rail.

Abstract: A compact transmitter-receiver circuit particularly adapted for short-distance mobile communication includes a pair of parallel nonlinear circuits, first and second hybrid circuits connected to the pair of nonlinear circuits on their high- and low-frequency sides, respectively, and a radio-frequency generator and a driver circuit connected to the respective hybrid circuits. One of the four terminals of the first hybrid circuit serves as a common input-output terminal of the transmitter-receiver circuit without necessitating any particular means conventionally required for separation between transmission and reception signals.

Abstract: Amplitude-and-phase modulated signals, as received, are represented by corresponding points on a reference signal plane of points to which results of demodulation, phase errors, and amplitude errors are preliminarily assigned. Responsive to the received signals, a detector produces position signals representative of the corresponding points. Responsive to the position signals, a demodulation and error-detection circuit produces result signals, phase error signals, and amplitude error signals representative of the results of demodulation, phase errors, and amplitude errors assigned to the corresponding points. Responsive to control signals specifying a predetermined area of the reference signal plane and to the position, phase error, and amplitude error signals, a selection circuit produces phase and amplitude control signals, which correct the reference signal plane to reduce the phase and amplitude errors of the position signals. After correction, the result signals become the demodulated signals.

Abstract: A monitor for a receiver specifies a predetermined region within each of a plurality of continuous discrimination domains of a signal space, with each domain including a true signal point representative of an original signal which the receiver may allowably receive. The monitor compares each of the regions to the actual signal points represented in the receiver input signal and produces a monitor output signal representative of the frequency at which the actual signal points of the received signal are outside of the predetermined regions.