Abstract: Hydraulic passages for an oil pump for a speed reducer used in electric vehicle include a first passage for connecting an inlet port of an oil pump to an oil reservoir through a first check valve, a second passage for connecting an outlet port of the oil pump to a discharged-oil demand part through a second check valve, a third passage for connecting the outlet port to the oil reservoir through a third check valve, and a fourth passage for connecting the inlet port to the discharged-oil demand part through a fourth check valve. The check valves are disposed such that, upon normal rotation of the oil pump, the first and second check valves are opened, and upon reverse rotation thereof, the third and fourth check valves are opened.

Abstract: A vacuum modulator arrangement for an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle for use in conjunction with a diesel engine or other fuel-injection engine, includes a vacuum source, a brake booster, a vacuum modulator, a throttle modulator for controlling the automatic transmission, connecting means connected to the vacuum source, the brake booster, the vacuum modulator and the throttle modulator, the connecting means including a passage commonly leading to the vacuum modulator and the throttle modulator, and an orifice placed in the common passage, the orifice having a predetermined effective area.

Abstract: A control system is provided wherein lock-up operation of a torque converter is effected only when the vehicle speed exceeds a certain level even if the associated transmission is shifted into a predetermined speed.

Abstract: A lock-up torque converter comprises a torque converter assembly and a lock-up clutch, wherein the clutch provides a direct drive between the engine and transmission of a vehicle in high gear. A damper is located in a limited space between a clutch piston and a turbine runner to provide a driving connection. The damper includes a portion secured to an outer shell of the turbine runner, such as by welding.

Abstract: A lock-up torque converter includes a converter cover secured to a pump impeller and a clutch piston drivingly connected to a turbine runner. The clutch piston is engageable with the end wall of the converter cover and forms therewith a clutch chamber which is adapted to be pressurized or exhausted. A feed passageway and a discharge passageway communicate with the inside of the pump impeller and with the inside of the turbine runner, respectively, and cooperate with each other to feed a pressurized fluid into the pump impeller and to discharge the pressurized fluid from the turbine runner. A third passageway communicates with the clutch chamber and a lock-up control valve. The lock-up control valve selectively pressurizes and exhausts the clutch chamber.

Abstract: A lock-up control system in which the engagement of a lock-up mechanism of a torque converter is effected in delayed timing relation with the shifting operation in the associated automatic transmission.

Abstract: A lock-up torque converter comprises a torque converter assembly and a lock-up clutch, wherein the clutch provides a direct drive between the engine and transmission of a vehicle in high gear. A damper is located in a limited space between a clutch piston and a turbine runner to provide a driving connection. The damper includes a portion secured to a hub for the turbine runner, such as by fastening pins.

Abstract: The semiconductor device comprises a semiconductor substrate, a polycrystalline silicon semiconductor body extending upwardly from a portion of the surface of the semiconductor substrate and containing an impurity at a substantially uniform concentration, and a metal electrode disposed on the top surface of the polycrystalline silicon semiconductor body. The metal electrode extends in the lateral direction beyond the periphery of the top surface of the polycrystalline silicon semiconductor body.

Abstract: In an automatic power transmission including hydrodynamic torque transmitting means such as a torque converter or a fluid coupling and fluid-operated direct-drive clutch means combined with the torque converter or fluid coupling, control valve means is provided so that the direct-drive condition is achieved from the top-gear condition at a retarded timing after the top gear has been attained under low-load conditions of the engine although direct-drive condition is established simultaneously when an upshift is made to the top gear under high-load operating conditions of the engine.