Abstract: This object aims to disclose a biological multi-directional observation device with measures to avoid an illumination backlight problem taken. In a preferable embodiment of the multi-directional observation device, a two-dimensional detector (6) is arranged right above a transparent specimen support (2) and a main image forming lens (8) is arranged right under the two-dimensional detector (6). A fluorescence-side filter (10) which allows only a fluorescence component from a biological specimen (4) pass therethrough is arranged, if necessary, between the main image forming lens (8) and the biological specimen (4). Reflection mirrors (M1, M2) are arranged on the down side of the specimen support (2), wherein the reflection mirrors are optional systems for leading a light of an image of the rear side of the biological specimen (4) to the main image forming lens (8). A light source device is provided to irradiate light to biological specimen (4).

Abstract: In order to reduce light leak influencing the detection capability of a fluorescence imaging apparatus, an interference filter and an absorption filter on an emission-side filter section are arranged serially in the traveling direction of the fluorescence. The interference filter and the absorption filter that are in use for such an arrangement block the waveband light equivalent to the excitation light irradiated onto a sample while fully transmitting the waveband light equivalent to the fluorescence.

Abstract: Optical waveguide paths to observe a sample on a sample holder from a plurality of directions while guiding an image of light in each direction which is emitted out of the sample toward a direction of a two dimensional detector via a main imaging lens include an optical waveguide path which never receives the light directly from the sample. The optical waveguide path which never receives the light directly from the sample forms an image of the sample within a substantial focus range of the main imaging lens, and includes optical elements arranged such that a light beam after formation of the image proceeds toward a direction of the main imaging lens. Optical elements on at least one optical waveguide path are those for forming real images. Therefore, the main imaging lens images the sample and those real images in block on the two dimensional detector.

Abstract: A distribution of AC electric field regularly arranged in a cell is formed while storing a sample having particles dispersed in a medium in the cell, whereby the particles are dielectrically migrated in the medium to generate a diffraction grating by density distribution of the particles. Diffracted light generated by irradiating the diffraction grating by density distribution with measuring light is detected, and evaluation of dielectrophoretic intensities of the particles and/or the medium is performed from the detection result. According to this method, evaluation of dielectrophoretic characteristics can be performed without adhering a phosphor to particles, and since even a particle small in size can achieve a detection level by collecting a number of such particles to form a diffraction grating, dielectric characteristics of microparticles of several nanometers in diameter can be thus quantitatively measured with high sensitivity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fluorescence measurement device for a living body configured to be able to reduce wavelength components that will become leak light and to easily switch a wavelength and an irradiation direction.

Abstract: In order to reduce light leak influencing the detection capability of a fluorescence imaging apparatus, an interference filter and an absorption filter on an emission-side filter section are arranged serially in the traveling direction of the fluorescence. The interference filter and the absorption filter that are in use for such an arrangement block the waveband light equivalent to the excitation light irradiated onto a sample while fully transmitting the waveband light equivalent to the fluorescence.

Abstract: This object aims to disclose a biological multi-directional observation device with measures to avoid an illumination backlight problem taken. In a preferable embodiment of the multi-directional observation device, a two-dimensional detector (6) is arranged right above a transparent specimen support (2) and a main image forming lens (8) is arranged right under the two-dimensional detector (6). A fluorescence-side filter (10) which allows only a fluorescence component from a biological specimen (4) pass therethrough is arranged, if necessary, between the main image forming lens (8) and the biological specimen (4). Reflection mirrors (M1, M2) are arranged on the down side of the specimen support (2), wherein the reflection mirrors are optional systems for leading a light of an image of the rear side of the biological specimen (4) to the main image forming lens (8). A light source device is provided to irradiate light to biological specimen (4).

Abstract: A vacuum pump capable of accurately detecting a rotor temperature based on a change in permeability of a magnetic material. Two targets are fixed to a nut opposed to a gap sensor. The nut is made of pure iron, and a surface of the nut opposed to the gap sensor serves as a target. The target has a Curie temperature greater than a temperature monitoring range, and each of the targets has a Curie temperature falling within the temperature monitoring range. When the targets become opposed to the gap sensor in turn according to rotation of a rotor, three types of signals are output from the gap sensor. The difference-signal generation means generates a difference signal of each the targets, on the basis of a signal of the target. The difference signal is compared with a reference signal V0 for detecting the Curie temperatures to detect a rotor temperature.

Abstract: Optical waveguide paths to observe a sample on a sample holder from a plurality of directions while guiding an image of light in each direction which is emitted out of the sample toward a direction of a two dimensional detector via a main imaging lens include an optical waveguide path which never receives the light directly from the sample. The optical waveguide path which never receives the light directly from the sample forms an image of the sample within a substantial focus range of the main imaging lens, and includes optical elements arranged such that a light beam after formation of the image proceeds toward a direction of the main imaging lens. Optical elements on at least one optical waveguide path are those for forming real images. Therefore, the main imaging lens images the sample and those real images in block on the two dimensional detector.

Abstract: Observation of a living body sample from multiple directions can be measured in a short time and with a convenient structure. One two-dimensional detector is arranged in order to pick up the image of light emitted from a sample on a sample holder, and connected with a display for displaying the image picked up by means of the two-dimensional detector. In order to observe the sample on the sample holder from a plurality of directions and to introduce the image of light emitted from the sample in each direction to the two-dimensional detector, a light guide optical system including a multi-reflector assembly consisting of reflectors is provided. A main image formation lens for forming on the two-dimensional detector a plurality of images introduced by the light guide optical system is arranged between the two-dimensional detector and the light guide optical system.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fluorescence measurement device for a living body configured to be able to reduce wavelength components that will become leak light and to easily switch a wavelength and an irradiation direction.

Abstract: A distribution of AC electric field regularly arranged in a cell is formed while storing a sample having particles dispersed in a medium in the cell, whereby the particles are dielectrically migrated in the medium to generate a diffraction grating by density distribution of the particles. Diffracted light generated by irradiating the diffraction grating by density distribution with measuring light is detected, and evaluation of dielectrophoretic intensities of the particles and/or the medium is performed from the detection result. According to this method, evaluation of dielectrophoretic characteristics can be performed without adhering a phosphor to particles, and since even a particle small in size can achieve a detection level by collecting a number of such particles to form a diffraction grating, dielectric characteristics of microparticles of several nanometers in diameter can be thus quantitatively measured with high sensitivity.

Abstract: A vacuum pump capable of accurately detecting a rotor temperature based on a change in permeability of a magnetic material. Two targets are fixed to a nut opposed to a gap sensor. The nut is made of pure iron, and a surface of the nut opposed to the gap sensor serves as a target. The target has a Curie temperature greater than a temperature monitoring range, and each of the targets has a Curie temperature falling within the temperature monitoring range. When the targets become opposed to the gap sensor in turn according to rotation of a rotor, three types of signals are output from the gap sensor. The difference-signal generation means generates a difference signal of each the targets, on the basis of a signal of the target. The difference signal is compared with a reference signal V0 for detecting the Curie temperatures to detect a rotor temperature.

Abstract: A vacuum pump includes at least one magnetic body located on a circle about a rotor rotational axis and having a Curie temperature within a rotor temperature monitoring range; an inductance detecting portion facing the circle so as to establish a gap between the circle and the inductance detecting portion, for detecting a change of magnetic permeability of the magnetic body as an inductance change when the magnetic body rotates; and a carrier generation device generating a carrier signal for providing in the inductance detecting portion. An A/D conversion device samples a detection signal of the inductance detecting portion synchronously with a carrier generation by the carrier generation device, and converts the detection signal to a digital signal. A determination device determines whether or not a temperature of the rotor exceeds a predetermined temperature, based on the change of the magnetic permeability of the magnetic body.

Abstract: A vacuum pump includes at least one magnetic body located on a circle about a rotor rotational axis and having a Curie temperature within a rotor temperature monitoring range; an inductance detecting portion facing the circle so as to establish a gap between the circle and the inductance detecting portion, for detecting a change of magnetic permeability of the magnetic body as an inductance change when the magnetic body rotates; and a carrier generation device generating a carrier signal for providing in the inductance detecting portion. An A/D conversion device samples a detection signal of the inductance detecting portion synchronously with a carrier generation by the carrier generation device, and converts the detection signal to a digital signal. A determination device determines whether or not a temperature of the rotor exceeds a predetermined temperature, based on the change of the magnetic permeability of the magnetic body.

Abstract: An optical image measuring device for obtaining images by irradiating light onto an organism (measurement subject), and detecting the light emitted from the organism, by means of a two-dimensional detector, comprising image measuring means for measuring image data of a plurality of wavelengths, over time; and image calculating means for performing image calculation for determining biological information, using a plurality of image data having respectively different measurement wavelengths and measurement timings. The two-dimensional amount of change in the measurement subject, such as an organism, is obtained as a plurality of image data having different measurement wavelengths and measurement timings, and significant biological information at the measurement timing is acquired by calculating the obtained image data at multiple wavelengths and a plurality of timings.

Abstract: A double-beam spectrophotometer comprising a light source, a monochromator, optical means for causing the monochromatic light beam from the monochromator to alternately advance along a pair of optical paths, the axes of which intersect generally perpendicularly to each other, a pair of cells each disposed in one of the two optical paths, and a photoelectric detector disposed at or adjacent the point of intersection of the pair of optical paths.

Abstract: A wavelength driving device for use in monochromators, wherein at least two wavelength driving cams of different peripheral contours are provided, which alternatively operate for different portions of the whole wavelength range to be covered by the device. The device is also provided with means which enables easy correction of deviations of dispersion of the prism from the design value.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer which uses as a detector a silicon photocell and a phototube sensitive to short wavelengths. The light from the sample cell is divided into a smaller and a larger portion. The smaller portion is projected onto the silicon photocell and the larger portion, to the phototube. The two outputs are combined and amplified for indication. The whole of the light transmitted through the sample cell may also be projected to the phototube while the spectrophotometer operates in the short wavelength region and alternatively to the silicon photocell while the instrument operates in the long wavelength region.