Abstract: An object is to provide a mutant of a cellulase-producing microorganism which produces a cellulase capable of preferentially producing a cello-oligosaccharide during the selective production of the cello-oligosaccharide through enzymolysis of a cellulosic material in the presence of the cellulase, a method for producing the cellulase and a method for producing a cello-oligosaccharide using the cellulase. The present invention relates to a mutant of a cellulase-producing microorganism, in which cellobiohydrolase and ?-glucosidase genes are disrupted.

Abstract: An object is to provide a mutant of a cellulase-producing microorganism which produces a cellulase capable of preferentially producing a cello-oligosaccharide during the selective production of the cello-oligosaccharide through enzymolysis of a cellulosic material in the presence of the cellulase, a method for producing the cellulase and a method for producing a cello-oligosaccharide using the cellulase. The present invention relates to a mutant of a cellulase-producing microorganism, in which cellobiohydrolase and ?-glucosidase genes are disrupted.

Abstract: A two-layer copper polyimide substrate includes a modified layer on the surface of a polyimide film having a thickness of not more than 200 ?, and preferably not less than 50 ?, as evaluated by a method by dyeing a section thereof with a silver nitrate aqueous solution and observing it by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A metal seed layer is formed on the polyimide film surface, followed by forming a copper layer thereon by copper electroplating or copper electroless plating or a combination of the both, providing a two-layer copper polyimide substrate in which any of an initial adhesion, a heat resistant adhesion after standing in air at 150° C. for 168 hours, and a PCT adhesion after PCT test at 121° C. and at a humidity of 95% under 2 atmospheres for 100 hours are 400 N/m or more.

Abstract: To provide a two-layer copper polyimide substrate that is excellent all in initial adhesion, heat resistant adhesion and PCT adhesion. According to the invention, by employing a structure such that a modified layer on the surface of a polyimide film has a thickness of not more than 200 Å, and, preferably not less than 50 Å as evaluated by a method by dyeing a section thereof with a silver nitrate aqueous solution and observing it by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and that a metal seed layer is formed on the polyimide film surface, followed by forming a copper layer thereon by copper electroplating or copper electroless plating or a combination of the both, there is provided a two-layer copper polyimide substrate in which any of an initial adhesion, a heat resistant adhesion after standing in air at 150° C. for 168 hours, and a PCT adhesion after PCT test at 121° C. and at a humidity of 95% under 2 atmospheres for 100 hours are 400 N/m or more.

Abstract: An inexpensive steel cutting tool with excellent cutting characteristics and cutting life is provided to have a cutting part having a chamfered cutting edge and a surface hardening layer formed therein, wherein surface treatment is performed by forming a sufficiently thick surface hardening layer on the surface of steel base material, or by forming a hard coating film on the surface hardening layer.

Abstract: Duplex coated steel composite products comprising a first layer of a nitrd layer formed by applying glow discharge at a current density from 0.001 to 2.0 mA/cm.sup.2 to the surface of metal parts by using gaseous ammonia and gaseous hydrogen while maintaining the temperature of the metal parts at 300 to 650.degree. C., thereby applying plasma nitriding and a second layer comprising a hard film comprising a nitride, carbide and/or carbonitride of one or more of elements selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta and Cr coated on the first layer by the PVD method of a laminate film or a gradient laminate film of such hard film. The treated products are excellent in adhesion with the substrate and durability and have both oxidation resistance and wear resistance.

Abstract: Duplex coated steel composite products comprising a first layer of a nitrided layer formed by applying glow discharge at a current density from 0.001 to 2.0 mA/cm.sup.2 to the surface of metal parts by using gaseous ammonia and gaseous hydrogen while maintaining the temperature of the metal parts at 300 to 650.degree. C., thereby applying plasma nitriding and a second layer comprising a hard film comprising a nitride, carbide and/or carbonitride of one or more of elements selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta and Cr coated on the first layer by the PVD method of a laminate film or a gradient laminate film of such hard film. The treated products are excellent in adhesion with the substrate and durability and have both oxidation resistance and wear resistance.